Central Processing Unit CPU or Processor

Central Processing Unit Components Control Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit

Central Processing Unit Control Unit Reads & Interprets Program Instructions Directs the Operation of the Processor Controls the flow of programs and data into and out of memory

Central Processing Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Logic:Comparisons

Central Processing Unit Machine Cycle FetchDecodeExecuteStore

Central Processing Unit Fetch Calls an instruction into memory

Central Processing Unit Decode Figures out what the instruction is trying to do

Central Processing Unit Execute Does the decoded instruction Add 2+2

Central Processing Unit Store Puts the answer 4 into memory for use by another instruction

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle A Crystal Oscillator on the Motherboard It paces the machine cycle

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle Measured in MHz or GHz Megahertz = 1,000,000 cycles/sec Gigahertz = 1,000,000,000 cycles/sec

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle One clock cycle is calculated by dividing 1 by the MHz or GHz Example: (800 MHz CPU) 1/800,000,000 = or 1.25 nanoseconds (nano = billionth) (1.25 billionths of a second)

Central Processing Unit Clock Cycle The shorter the clock cycle the faster the processor

Central Processing Unit Pipelining Executing multiple instructions at the same time FETCHDECODEEXECUTESTORE Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Instruction 4

Central Processing Unit Parallel Processing Multiple processors work together to complete a set of instructions Control CPU CPU 01 CPU 02 Answer

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core A dual-core CPU combines two independent processors and their respective caches and cache controllers onto a single silicon chip

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core

Dual-Core Advantages Less Power Less Space Better Performance

Central Processing Unit Dual-Core Disadvantages Require Different OS Scalability more limited Lower production yields

Central Processing Unit INTELAMDTRANSMETAMOTOROLA

INTEL

AMD

TRANSMETA

MOTOROLA & IBM

Central Processing Unit Questions

Assignment 01 Explain the difference between the Intel Dual-Core and AMD Dual-Core CPUS. What makes them different. Double-Spaced, 12pt Font, w/References Due: Wed Sept 7 th