(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Roles of Education and Physical Education Chapter 1

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. What is Education? Educate: – To provide schooling for Education: – Process of imparting knowledge or skill Goodlad – Deliberate cultivation of desirable traits and sensitivies

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Where does education take place? Students spend only 19% of potential learning time in school Most learning occurs: – on the job – in the home – By way of the media Education is a process of learning, not a place

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Education: Prepares individuals for living Must adapt to changes in society to prepare citizens to function in an effective way Teachers have a profound impact on society

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Purposes of Education Purposes of Education Preserve and maintain desirable aspects of society or culture Teach skills/competencies needed to function effectively as an adult Help the individual act in a responsible manner Teach the individual to think critically, constructively evaluate issues, and influence order

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Achievement of economically disadvantaged Highly qualified teachers and principals English language instruction Parents given a choice Creation of innovative education programs Accountability of educational process Helping all children learn to read Helping children with disabilities

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Additional Issues in Education Technology & Information age (Brain Research) Teaching to outcomes Changing health habits Safer, drug-free schools School Choice (i.e. vouchers) School Partnerships Improved facilities, smaller class size Teacher salaries, shortage Corporate management Dropouts, Illiteracy Inner-city, private schools, home schooling Bilingual education

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Technology Internet Distance learning Assessment tools

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Brain Research Emotions Activate the Brain Motivation Calls for Stimulation and Novelty Enrichment Brain Rhythms Gender Differences Rehearsal Time Mind & Body Violence

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Teaching to Outcomes – NASPE National Standards (K-12) Standard 1: Demonstrates competency in motor skills and movement patterns needed to perform a variety of physical activities Standard 2: Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Teaching to Outcomes – NASPE National Standards (K-12) Standard 3: Participates regularly in physical activity Standard 4: Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Teaching to Outcomes – NASPE National Standards (K-12) Standard 5: Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings Standard 6: Values physical activity for health, enjoyment, challenge, self- expression, and/or social interaction

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Our Charge “Turn young people on to physical activity for a lifetime.” R. Martins

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved National Exercise Guidelines ACSM OR CDC Every U.S.adult should accumulate 30 minutes, or more, of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week. Every U.S.adult should accumulate 30 minutes, or more, of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week. JAMA, Feb. 1995

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. School Choice No Child Left Behind Charter Schools Vouchers Magnet Schools School Site Management

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Problems of Overweight Children and Adolescents Increased frequency of high cholesterol and high blood pressure Increased Type 2 diabetes Increased chance of becoming overweight or obese adults Increased potential of social discrimination Surgeon General’s Report

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Surgeon General’s Report Regular physical activity improves health by reducing the risk of:  Dying prematurely  Dying from heart disease  Developing diabetes  Developing high blood pressure  Developing colon cancer

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Surgeon General’s Report Regular physical activity: – Helps reduce blood pressure in people who already have high blood pressure – Reduces feelings of depression and anxiety – Helps control weight – Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints – Helps older adults become stronger and better able to move about without falling – Promotes psychological well-being

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Report Five benefits of regular physical activity in childhood and adolescence: 1.Improves strength and endurance 2.Helps build healthy bones and muscles 3.Helps control weight 4.Reduces anxiety and stress and increases self-esteem 5.May improve blood pressure and cholesterol levels

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. CDC Report Current trend in physical activity – adolescents & young adults  ½ participate regularly in vigorous physical activity  ¼ report no vigorous physical activity  ¼ walk or bicycle nearly every day  Males participate more than females  Participation declines with as age or grade increases  Daily attendance in physical education declined from 42-25%

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Healthy People 2010 Goals Increase to 35% proportion of adolescents who engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes on 5 or more of the previous 7 days. Increase to 85% proportion of adolescents who engage in vigorous physical activity that promotes cardiorespiratory fitness 3 or more days per week for 20 or more minutes per occasion.

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Healthy People 2010 Goals Increase to 25% in middle and junior high schools and 5% in high schools the proportion of the Nation’s public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students. Increase to 50% the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical education.

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Healthy People 2010 Goals Increase to 50% proportion of adolescents who spend at least 50% of school physical education class time being physically active. Increase to 75% proportion of adolescents who view television 2 or fewer hours on a school day.

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Physical education (according to CDC): Can increase student participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity and help high school students gain the knowledge, attitudes, and skills they need to engage in lifelong physical activity.

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity Key Principles – Emphasize enjoyable participation – Offer diverse range of activities – Give young people the skills and confidence – Promote physical activity through coordinated school health program

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity Physical Skills Physical Fitness Participation Knowledge Attitudes

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Ensuring Quality Physical Education Programs 1.Policy 2.Environment 3.Physical education curriculum & instruction 4.Health education curricula & instruction 5.Extracurricular activities 6.Family involvement 7.Training 8.Health services 9.Community programs 10.Evaluation

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. NASPE NASPE Recommendations for Fit & Healthy Students All students K-12 receive quality PE Elem. Students receive 150 min. per week; Sec. Students = 225 All states require, and set minimum standards Meeting standards = requirement to graduate No substitutions for PE Trained teachers in PE at all levels All coaches certified Programs designed to facilitate National Standards

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Future successful programs will: 1. Provide quality daily physical education 2. Programs are safe and convenient 3. Teach lifelong physical activity 4. Curriculum reflects National Standards 5. Qualified, certified instructors/coaches 6. Realize that physical education and athletics not synonymous 7. Teach effective goal-setting strategies 8. Include fun activities 9. Wary of fitness testing 10. Ensure all students are successful 11. Include choice for students 12. Ensure gender and ethnic balance 13. Involve school, community, and family

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Technology Handheld PCs Heart rate monitors Fitness assessment Wireless formats Digital cameras Video conferencing Web pages Mass s

(c) 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Roles of Education and Physical Education Chapter 1