Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 3 Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Regions, and Quadrants

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Purpose of Directional Terms, Anatomic Planes, Abdominopelvic Regions, and Quadrants  directional terms: used to describe the relative position of one part of the body to another  anatomic planes: used to describe the location of internal organs and structures  abdominopelvic regions: used to locate an anatomical position to describe pain, incisions, markings, and so on

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomic Position  Body is viewed as erect, arms at the side with palms of the hands facing forward, and feet placed side by side. Whether the patient is standing or lying down face up, the directional terms are the same.

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Combining Forms for Directional Terms  anter/o  caud/o  cephal/o  dist/o  dors/o  infer/o  later/o  medi/o  poster/o  proxim/o  super/o  ventr/o

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Prefixes and Suffixes  Prefixes  bi-  uni-  Suffixes  -ad  -ior

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which of the following is a prefix? a) bi- b) -ad c) dist/o

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Directional Terms  caudad  cephalad  lateral  medial  unilateral  bilateral  distal  proximal

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Directional Terms (cont’d.)  inferior  superior  caudal  cephalic  anterior  posterior  dorsal  ventral  anteroposterior (AP)  posteroanterior (PA)

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Exercise Figure C #1

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which of the following means two sides? a) unilateral b) lateral c) bilateral

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomic Planes  frontal or coronal: vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions  midsagittal: vertical field running through the body from front to back; divides body into right and left halves  sagittal: vertical field running through the body from front to back—divides body into uneven right and left halves  transverse: horizontal field dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Anatomic Planes (cont’d.)

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Abdominopelvic Regions  To assist medical personnel to locate medical problems with greater accuracy and for identification purposes, the abdomen is divided into regions:  hypochondriac (right & left)  epigastric  lumbar (right & left)  umbilical  iliac (right & left)  hypogastric

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d.)

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Abdominopelvic Quadrants  Right upper quadrant: RUQ  Left upper quadrant: LUQ  Right lower quadrant: RLQ  Left lower quadrant: LLQ

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Abdominopelvic Quadrants (cont’d.)

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Clicker Question Which of the following is an anatomic plane? a) sagittal b) iliac region c) right upper quadrant

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Abbreviations  ant  AP  inf  lat  LLQ  LUQ  med  PA  RLQ  RUQ  sup

Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Document The patient presented to her physician with pain in the right lumbar region and right unilateral leg pain. The pain was felt in the posterior portion of the leg and radiated to the distal lateral portion of the extremity. There was some proximal muscle weakness reported of the affected leg. A lumbar spine radiograph was normal. If the pain does not respond to antiinflammatory medication, she will be referred to an orthopedist.