Chapter 1

Applied Learning Outcomes Learn body orientation terms that explain or describe the following: Body direction Various views of the body and body parts Positioning of the body for medical procedures Learn the locations of The major body regions and cavities, and the structures contained within them Use the terminology associated with the major body regions and cavities Understand aging and pathology as they relate to body organization Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

Introduction Fine or Microscopic Anatomy: The study of anatomy concerned with the microscopic features of the body Gross Anatomy: The study of anatomy concerned with the features of the body visible to the naked eye Fine anatomy focuses on small components of the body, such as tissues and cells. Gross anatomy looks at the larger anatomical structures, such as body systems and organs. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

Human Body Orientation Directional orientation explains a particular view of a person Directional planes are views of imaginary lines sliced through a person Directional orientation explains a particular view of a person. Medial refers to the middle of the body. Lateral refers to the sides of the body. Superior, or cephalic, refers to a location near the head. Inferior, or caudal, refers to a location near the feet. Anterior, or ventral, refers to the front of the human body. Posterior, or dorsal, refers to the back of the human body. Directional planes are views of imaginary lines sliced through a person. A sagittal section slices the body vertically into left and right sections. A midsagittal section slices the body into equal left and right halves. A frontal, or coronal, section slices the body vertically into anterior and posterior sections. A transverse section slices the body horizontally into inferior and superior sections.  Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

Human Body Orientation Antagonistic: Opposing movements Flexion   Extension Abduction   Adduction Inversion   Eversion Flexion: to bend a joint Extension: to straighten a joint Abduction: movement of the arm or leg away from the midline of the body Adduction: movement of the arm or leg toward the midline of the body Eversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great toe moves away from the midline of the body Inversion: movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or great toe moves toward the midline of the body Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

Body Regions and Cavities Body regions are divided into general locations, abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants Body regions are divided into general locations, abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants. Abdominopelvic regions include nine sections that divide up the abdominal and pelvic portions of the body. Quadrants section the abdominal region into four portions. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

Body Regions and Cavities The human body is naturally divided into internal cavities The human body is naturally divided into internal cavities. The body cavities contain specific body structures. Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Abdominopelvic Quadrants: Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the left upper portion of the abdomen it includes a view of the stomach, spleen, the left kidney, and parts of the duodenum, pancreas, left ureter, small intestine, and transverse and decending colon. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the left lower portion of the abdominopelvic area and provides partial views of the small intestine, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, left ureter, and urinary bladder. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the right lower portion of the abdominopelvic area and includes a view of the appendix, cecum, and partial views of the ascending colon, small intestine, right ureter, urinary bladder, and rectum. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - One of the four quadrants that the abdominopelvic area can be divided into. Located in the right upper portion of the abdomen it provides a view of the gallbladder, most of the liver, and partial views of the pancreas, small intestine, and ascending and transverse colon.

Also known as the Rt. Inguinal region Also known as the Left Inguinal region

Spinal Column Regions

Summary Directional terms describe the relative location of different body features the ways the body can be viewed along imaginary lines Position terms explain how a patient should be positioned for a procedure Movement terms explain a person’s ability to move a body structure in a particular direction in relation to the center of the body Body region terms create a map of the body locations describe the location of pain or injury Body cavity terms create a map of the body structures help healthcare workers communicate accurately and effectively Chapter 1 – Overview of the Body