Third Grade Part Two Review

Matter Solids Liquids Gases Particles are close together with little room to move. Solids Particles have room to slide past each other. Liquids Particles have lots of room to move around. Gases

Energy The ability to cause change The ability to do work

Thermal Energy Heat energy that moves the particles in matter As thermal energy is removed, particles slow down. A gas turns to a liquid and a liquid turns into a solid. When thermal energy is added, particles move faster. A solid begins to melt and a liquid begins to change to a gas.

Conductor Insulator A material in which thermal energy moves easily A material in which thermal energy does NOT move easily

Temperature Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Measured in °C (degrees Celsius) Freezing Point of Water = 0°C Boiling Point of Water = 100°C 0° 100°

Heat The movement of thermal energy from one place to another

Thermal energy always moves from a hot place to a cold place. The thermal energy from the hot chocolate moves to your cooler hand. The thermal energy from your warmer hand moves to the cold ice cream.

Light Energy The energy that moves in light waves

Light travels in straight lines Light travels in straight lines. It can also bounce back, turn or stop when it reaches different types of matter. Reflect (bouncing) Refract (bending) Absorb (stopping)

Force A push or a pull that causes a change in position and direction

Gravity A force that pulls objects toward each other

Weight The measure of the pull of gravity on an object An object’s weight depends on the amount of gravity pulling on it. You will weigh more on Earth than on the moon.

Friction A force that keeps touching objects from sliding past each other There is more friction on a rough surface. There is less friction on a smooth surface. sandpaper http://www.onlineindustrialsupply.com/abrasive-sheets.html http://www.carpet-rug.org carpet Cement road http://www.cement.org

Variables The one variable being tested: table 3 foot inclined plane made of smooth plastic stack of 2 books baseball 3 foot inclined plane covered with rough carpet The one variable being tested: surface on ramp Controlled parts of the experiment, (also called the controls): stack of books type of ball table way the ball is placed to roll on the ramp

Work More work is done by moving a greater distance or by moving more mass. Which picture shows more work being done? 1. 2.

A tool that helps people do work Simple Machine A bar that turns on a fixed point Two inclined planes placed back to back A flat surface that has one end higher than the other A tool that helps people do work A rope or chain and the wheel it fits around A large wheel attached to a smaller wheel or rod Inclined plane wrapped around a pole

Fulcrum The fixed point on a lever fulcrum http://teacher.scholastic.com/dirtrep/simple/lever.htm The fixed point on a lever