THE UNECE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION Workshop to Promote the Ratification of the Protocol on Heavy Metals across the UNECE region – May 2008, Yerevan THE UNECE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION Workshop to Promote the Ratification of the Protocol on Heavy Metals across the UNECE region – May 2008, Yerevan Tea Aulavuo The UNECE Secretariat to the Convention Tea Aulavuo The UNECE Secretariat to the Convention

Artic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Slovenia Hungary Slovakia Poland Lithuania Latvia Estonia Finland Armenia Sweden Georgia Norway Belarus Czech Rep. Ukraine Denmark Moldova Germany Yugoslavia Austria Bulgaria Liechtenstein Turkey Italy Monaco Cyprus Switzerland Malta Netherlands Greece Belgium F.Y.R.of Macedonia Luxembourg Albania France Bosnia and Herzegovina Spain Croatia Portugal Ireland United Kingdom Romania Russian Federation Iceland Kara Sea Barents Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea Aral Sea Canada of America Kyrgyzstan Artic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Slovenia Hungary Slovakia Poland Lithuania Latvia Estonia Finland Armenia Sweden Georgia Norway Belarus Czech Rep. Ukraine Denmark Moldova Germany Yugoslavia Austria Bulgaria Liechtenstein Turkey Italy Monaco Cyprus Switzerland Malta Netherlands Greece Belgium F.Y.R.of Macedonia Luxembourg Albania France Bosnia and Herzegovina Spain Croatia Portugal Ireland United Kingdom Romania Russian Federation Iceland Kara Sea Barents Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea Aral Sea Canada of America Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Azerbaijan CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION 51 Parties in Europe, North America and Central Asia CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION 51 Parties in Europe, North America and Central Asia

There are many Parties to the Convention, but the Convention itself is just a framework………..

CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION

Geneva 1984 EMEP Protocol 42 Parties Cost-sharing of monitoring and evaluation work Helsinki 1985 Sulphur Protocol 22 Parties Flat-rate reduction (30%) of 1980 emissions by 1993 Sofia 1988 NOx Protocol 31 Parties Flat-rate, stabilization of 1987 emissions by 1994, BAT requirements Geneva 1991 VOC Protocol 22 Parties Flat-rate reduction (30%) by 1999, optional base year, stabilization for low-emission areas, BAT requirements Oslo nd Sulphur Protocol 27 Parties Effects-based emission ceilings (acidification), mandatory limit values for major sources the Protocols to the Convention

to Protocols to the Convention Aarhus 1998 Heavy metals Protocol 29 Parties HR, MD, Stabilize emissions of cadmium, lead and mercury; limit values for major sources Aarhus 1998 POPs Protocol 29 Parties Stabilize emissions of PAH, dioxins/furans and HCB; phase out selected pesticides, limit values for major sources 1999, Gothenburg Multi-pollutant Multi-effect Protocol Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground- level Ozone 24 Parties Effects based using integrated assessment modelling. Specifies emission ceilings and controls for sulphur, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

STRUCTURE OF THE CONVENTION ON LONG- RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION Implementation Committee Working Group on Strategies and Review Working Group on Effects EMEP Steering Body Expert Groups Task Forces International Cooperative Programmes Expert Groups Task Forces International Cooperative Programmes

Programme Coordinating Centre IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE ICP Forests Task Force WG EFFECTS Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections Task Force on Measurement and Modelling Chemical Coordinating Centre Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West Task Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling Centre for Integrated Assessment Modelling EMEP Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen Task Force on POPs Network of Experts on Benefits and Economic Instruments Expert Group on Techno-economic Issues WG STRATEGIES AND REVIEW EXECUTIVE BODY ICP Integrated Monitoring Task Force Task Force Health ICP Modelling and Mapping Task Force ICP Materials Task Force ICP Vegetation Task Force ICP Waters Task Force Programme Centre Coordination Centre for Effects Main Research Centre Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East Task Force on Heavy Metals Expert Group on Particulate Matter TF on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Centre for Emission Inventories and Projections

Focus on EECCA and SEE CAPACT project in Kazakhstan, with EECCA participation; 2003 – Adoption of UNECE implementation guidelines at 5th Ministerial Conference “Environment for Europe” in Kiev; : Development of implementation guidelines for Heavy Metals; POPs and Gothenburg Protocols; 2005 – 2007: Development of EECCA Action Plan : Questionnaire to identify problems and possible solutions for ratification; Technical workshops, bilateral projects, donor support to assist EECCA and SEE participation and ratification.

The "CAPACT" Project Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of Clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia «Наращивание потенциала в области управления качеством воздуха и применения чистых технологий сжигания угля в Центральной Азии» Project funded by the United Nations Development Account

CAPACT Key objectives: 1.Improved air quality in Central Asia 2.More efficient use and production of energy in Central Asia Duration: mid-2004 to mid 2007 Main focus: Central Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan and other EECCA countries. Main implementing entities: UNECE in collaboration with UNESCAP Budget: USD 680,000 Financed by: UN Development Account

CAPACT “Working Packages” 1.Implementation Plans for the LRTAP Convention Protocols; 2.Development of Sub regional Cooperation on Air Pollution Problems as part of the Regional Cooperation under the Convention; 3.Linking European and Asian Air Monitoring and Evaluation Programme; 4.Development of Sub-Regional Network for Energy Related Emission Reductions 5.Strengthening of Sustainable Energy Policies and Energy Pricing Reforms 6. Promotion of Investment Project Finances for the Deployment of Clean Coal Technologies

CAPACT workshops and seminars in Kazakshtan 1.July 2007: Final CAPACT Project Meeting and joint energy and environment seminar; 2.October 2006: Second Regional Workshop on International Air Monitoring, Data, Reporting and Environmental Effects 3.March and June 2005: Two workshops to discuss draft Kazakh National Concept for air quality management and the implementation of selected protocols to the LRTAP Convention 4.October 2005: Second Regional Seminar: - Air quality management and the international legal framework, and measures and energy pricing reforms needed 5.November 2004: First Regional Seminar: "Cost-effective Clean Coal Technology Options for Central Asia and Prospects for Implementation, with Emphasis on Enhanced Environmental Performance and Meeting Relevant Environmental Standards and Regulations

Selected CAPACT outcomes Development of national implementation plans and scientific and technical activities for implementation of HM, POPs and EMEP Protocols; –Kazakh Plan ready and incorporated into Kazakh Programme of Environmental Protection Support for establishment of EMEP Monitoring Station in Kazakhstan (1st in Central Asia)

Guidance for Implementation Guidelines for strengthening compliance with and implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) in the ECE region; –Adopted at 5th Ministerial Conference Environment for Europe, Kiev, 2000, ECE/CEP/107 –Identifies difficulties and provides generic guidance Implementation Guides on Heavy Metals, POPs and Gothenburg Protocols –Available by end 2008, also in Russian –Detailed guidance for decision-making and practical implementation –To help analysis and planning for the national implementation plan –Guide to resources available for Parties Guidelines for the development of national implementation plan for CLRTAP and its Protocols for Kazakhstan –Outcome of the CAPACT project –Proposes practical measures and strategic considerations

UNECE “Kiev” Guidelines National implementation: « All legal and other appropriate measures required to implement the agreement should be in place, in order to ensure that a Party is in a position to comply with its international obligations at the time of entry into force of the MEA for that Party ».

Recommended steps for a potential Party: ( UNECE Implementation Guidelines) 1.Review each obligation 2.Identify implementation responsibility 3.Administrative arrangements 4.Funds 5.Enforcement 6.Public consultation and education 7.Post-ratification: ongoing monitoring of implementation

EECCA Action Plan (ECE/EB.AIR/WG.5/2007/17) Prepared in 2005 and further developed in 2007 following “Saltsjöbaden 3” Workshop Includes main aims: –Raise political profile of CLRTAP activities –Encourage ratification of Protocols (EMEP, HM, POPs, Gothenburg) –Increase cooperation and exchange of information through expanding the modelling and monitoring activities –Support EECCA involvement in activities of the Convention Identifies related actions and relevant actors (e.g.) –Hold a high-level meeting in 2009 (EB, EECCA) –Relax Protocol provisions within their revision process (WGSR, EB) –Expand EMEP monitoring network (EECCA, EMEP, CCC, donors) –Make more material available in Russian (EB, secretariat, EECCA) –Organize joint activities/workshops for EECCA countries

EECCA and SEE Questionnaire on Implementation and Ratification of CLRTAP Protocols 2007: Questionnaire on EMEP, Heavy Metals, POPs, Gothenburg Protocols to identify: –problems in ratification – steps to be taken Replies received only from ARM, BEL, HR, MDA,UKR Results relating to Protocol on Heavy Metals –Implementation plans in 2008: BEL; – Need for technical assistance, implementation guidance, financial support; –Main difficulties eg. Implementing art 6 and annex IV; –Inventory for Cd, Pb, Hg established by UKR and BEL; –Difficulties with application of ELVs: technical and financial, lack of methodology; –Later implementation date would help ratification; –Unleaded petrol no longer in use.

Main messages to remember: Information, assistance and funding opportunities to facilitate the implementation of CLRTAP Protocols are available!Information, assistance and funding opportunities to facilitate the implementation of CLRTAP Protocols are available! Please, don’t hesitate to:Please, don’t hesitate to: –Express your needs, concerns and problems to the Convention Bodies and the Secretariat; –Request for support and propose projects

MORE INFORMATION: Convention website: CAPACT:

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