STIRRINGS OF REBELLION CHAPTER 4, SECTION 1

Ojectives Summarize colonial resistance to British attempts at Taxation To trace the mounting tension in Massachusetts To describe how fighting broke out at Concord

VOCABULARY STAMP ACT SAMUEL ADAMS TOWNSHEND ACTS BOSTON MASSACRE COMMITTEE OF CORRESPONDENCE BOSTON TEA PARTY KING GEORGE III INTOLERABLE ACTS MARTIAL LAW

TIMELINE 1765: THE STAMP ACT 1767: THE TOWNSHEND ACTS 1770: THE BOSTON MASSACRE 1773: THE BOSTON TEA PARTY 1774: THE INTOLERABLE ACTS APRIL, 1775: “BATTLES” OF… LEXINGTON CONCORD

ANGLO-AMERICAN TENSION BRITISH PROBLEM: FRENCH & INDIAN WAR = HEAVY DEBT SO… BRITS. NEED TO PAY OFF DEBT SOLUTION? MORE TAXES EXAMPLE? 1765: THE STAMP ACT THE STAMP ACT: DID WHAT? ALL PAPER DOCUMENTS HAD TO HAVE A BRITISH GOV’T. SEAL. LIKE WHAT? LEGAL DOCUMENTS NEWSPAPERS DIPLOMAS PLAYING CARDS LICENSES SO WHAT? STAMP ACT AFFECTED ALL AMERICAN COLONISTS HOW? ALL COLONISTS HAD TO PAY FOR OFFICIAL SEAL; LOSE $ PROBLEM? YES – COLONISTS THINK TAX IS UNFAIR

STAMP ACT PROTESTS AMERICAN COLONISTS BEGIN TO PROTEST THE STAMP ACT HOW? DIFFERENT WAYS EXAMPLES? SAMUEL ADAMS FOUNDS “THE SONS OF LIBERTY” DEFINE: COLONIAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS MEET IN NEW YORK CITY TO WRITE OFFICIAL PROTEST OF STAMP ACT THIS GROUP = THE STAMP ACT CONGRESS THEIR PROTEST DOCUMENT= THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS & GRIEVANCES SAID WHAT? PARLIAMENT COULDN’T LEGALLY PASS THE STAMP ACT BECAUSE THE COLONISTS WEREN’T REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT

SAMUEL ADAMS

THE STAMP ACT, 1765

STAMP ACT PROTESTS (CONT’D.) EXAMPLES OF PROTEST (CONT’D.): BOYCOTT ON BRITISH GOODS WHO? COLONIAL MERCHANTS / TRADERS WHERE? NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA SO WHAT? BRITS. DEPENDED ON MERCANTILISM BRITS. SOLD 40% OF THEIR MANUFACTURED GOODS TO AMERICAN COLONIES NO TRADE = NO MERCANTILISM = NO ECONOMY RESULT? MARCH, 1766: BRITS. REPEAL STAMP ACT

THE TOWNSHEND ACTS BRITS. STILL NEED TO PAY OFF F&I WAR DEBT NEW IDEA: TAX SOMETHING ELSE RESULT? 1767: THE TOWNSHEND ACTS DID WHAT? TAXED IMPORTS: LEAD, GLASS, PAINT, PAPER TAX ON TEA SO WHAT? SAME PROBLEM COLONISTS THINK TAX IS UNFAIR WHY? NO COLONIAL REPRESENTATIVES IN PARLIAMENT “NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION” TENSION KEEPS RISING IN THE COLONIES

RISING TENSIONS ANGLO-AMERICAN TENSION WORSENS WHY? BRITISH TAXES BRITS. STATION MORE TROOPS IN AMERICA Ex. = 4000 in BOSTON MARCH 5, 1770: THE BOSTON MASSACRE WHY? PROTEST IN BOSTON OVER TAXES CROWD GATHERS AT BOSTON CUSTOMSHOUSE CONFRONTATION TURNS VIOLENT, THEN DEADLY 5 COLONISTS KILLED BY BRIT. SOLDIERS

Boston Massacre

RISING TENSIONS (CONT’D.) 1772: PARLIAMENT REPEALS THE TOWNSHEND ACTS NEW PROBLEM? SMUGGLING / BLACK MARKET EXPANDS BRITS. ORDER NAVY TO TARGET SMUGG- LERS AMERICANS BECOME MORE ORGANIZED AS PROTEST GROWS HOW? COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE

BOSTON TEA PARTY WHEN? 1773 WHERE? BOSTON HARBOR WHO? THE SONS OF LIBERTY WHY? 1773: THE TEA ACT DEFINE: BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY EXEMPT FROM TAXES COLONIAL MERCHANTS / BUSINESSES HAD TO PAY WHY? MANY MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT WERE ON THE BOARD OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY SO WHAT? COLONIAL MERCHANTS LOSE $ BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY WILL DOMINATE TEA TRADE WHAT HAPPENS? THE BOSTON TEA PARTY SONS OF LIBERTY, ETC. (DISGUISED AS INDIANS) RAID TEA SHIPS IN BOSTON HARBOR 15,000 LBS. OF TEA DUMPED INTO HARBOR

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY

SONS OF LIBERTY AT THE BOSTON TEA PARTY

THE INTOLERABLE ACTS KING GEORGE III = FURIOUS WHY? BOSTON TEA PARTY RESULT? KING URGES PARLIAMENT TO RESPOND 1774: INTOLERABLE ACTS PASSED INTOLERABLE ACTS: DID WHAT? 3 ACTS COMBINED INTO ONE: BOSTON PORT ACT: BOSTON HARBOR CLOSED QUEBEC ACT: FRENCH CANADIANS HAVE TAXES REDUCED QUARTERING ACT: BRIT. SOLDIERS COULD BE HOUSED IN VACANT PRIVATE HOMES / BUILDINGS ALSO: BOSTON PLACED UNDER MARTIAL LAW

KING GEORGE III

THE 1st CONTINENTAL CONGRESS WHEN? SEPTEMBER, 1774 WHERE? PHILADELPHIA WHO? 56 COLONIAL GOV’T. REPRESENTATIVES FROM DIFFERENT COLONIES ORGANIZED BY COMMITTESS OF CORRESPONDENCE WHY? TO WRITE AN OUTLINE OF COLONIAL RIGHTS TO DECIDE IF THE COLONIES HAD THE RIGHT TO USE FORCE AGAINST BRITS. THEY DECIDED FORCE WOULD BE JUSTIFIED, IF BRITS. BECAME MORE VIOLENT

TENSION GROWS COLONIALS ACCELERATE MILITARY PLANS HOW? WHERE? SO WHAT? MILITIA GROUPS, “MINUTEMEN”, GAIN MEMBERS MILITIAS STOCKPILE MORE WEAPONS WHERE? MOSTLY IN NEW ENGLAND, esp. MASS. SO WHAT? APRIL 19, 1775 GEN. GAGE SENDS 700 TROOPS TO CONCORD WHY? TO SEIZE WEAPONS RESPONSE? BOSTONIANS SEND ALARM TO COUNTRYSIDE WHO? PAUL REVERE, WILLIAM DAWES, SAMUEL PRESCOTT

THE MINUTEMEN

PAUL REVERE

PAUL REVERE’S RIDE By: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow LISTEN my children, and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, On the Eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend. “If the British march By land or by sea from the town tonight, Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry–arch Of the North Church tower, as a signal light,- One if by land and two if by sea; And I on the opposite shore will be, Ready to ride and spread the alarm, Through every Middlesex village and farm…

PAUL REVERE’S RIDE

LEXINGTON & CONCORD WHEN? APRIL 19, 1775 WHAT? 2 SKIRMISHES NOT REAL BATTLES WHO? MINUTEMEN v. BRITISH ACTION: LEXINGTON: 8 COLONIALS KIA CONCORD: BRIEF SKIRMISH, BRITS. DON’T FIND WEAPONS RETREAT TO BOSTON TURNS INTO BLOODBATH FOR BRITISH TOOPS RESULT? BRITS. FORTIFY BOSTON COLONIAL “ARMY” SURROUNDS BOSTON BOSTON UNDER SEIGE

COLONIAL MILITIA

BATTLE OF LEXINGTON