PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
Early Scientists’ Contributions:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek First to see microbes or “animalcules” moving around
Robert Hooke (1634-1703) Coined the term “cell”
Matthias Schlieden All plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann All animals are made of cells
Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold (1804-1885) Microbes were living creatures made up of the same material as animals and plants
Rudolf Virchow Cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms. All cells come from other cells all ready in existence.
Cross Section of an Animal Cell:
Cross Section: Animal Cell
Plant Cell Cross Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Functions
CELL WALL: PLANT Function: Gives the cell most of its support and structure A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant
CELL MEMBRANE Function: Semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell
Chloroplast Function: Where photosynthesis takes place An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll
Cytoplasm Function: Where the organelles are located. The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus. Cytoplasm
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Function: transports materials through the cell Rough ER is covered with ribosome's that give it a rough appearance
Golgi Bodies Function: Golgi bodies are the packaging and secreting organelles of the cell. Are stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package and move proteins to the outside of the cell.
Lysosome Function: Where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place Also called cell vesicles Spherical organelles surrounded by a membrane They contain digestive enzymes
Mitochondria Functions: Where energy is released. Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane Membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae)
Nucleus: The Manager Function: Controls many of the functions of the cell Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus Contains DNA (in chromosomes) Surrounded by the nuclear membrane
Ribosome's Function: Small structures in the cytoplasm that create proteins. Ribosome's are either free floating in the cytoplasm of a cell or attached to endoplasmic reticulum in a cell.
Vacuole Function: Like your suitcase, a vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell. Fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell