C.Tenopir Using E-Journals To Promote Information Worldwide Carol Tenopir University of Tennessee

C.Tenopir How Electronic Publishing is Changing Access to Information 1)Scientists read more in not much more time 2)Scientists read from a greater variety of sources 3)Readers use many ways to locate information 4)More readers, more readings, more citations

C.Tenopir 1. Scientists read more in not much more time

C.Tenopir Average Time Spent and Number of Articles Read Per Year Per Scientist

C.Tenopir Scholarly Article Reading Work FieldArticles Reading (Per Year) Time Spent (Hours) Time Per Article (Min) University Medical Faculty ~ Chemists~ Physicists~ Engineers~729781

C.Tenopir Differences Among Work Places and Work Fields University faculty read more than non- faculty Medical faculty and practitioners read more articles than most (but spend less time per article) Engineers read fewer articles (but spend more time)

C.Tenopir 2. Scientists read from a greater variety of sources

C.Tenopir Sources of Readings Scientists appear to be reading from more journals—at least one article per year from approximately 26 journals, up from 13 in the late 1970s and 23 in % and amount of readings from separate copies use of personal subscriptions

C.Tenopir Reading from Print and Digital

C.Tenopir 3. Readers use many ways to locate information

C.Tenopir How Scientists Learned About Articles Early Evolving Advanced Browsing Online Search Citations Colleagues 58% 45% 21% 16% 22% 21% 6% 13% 16% 9% 14% 39%

C.Tenopir How Scientists Learned About Articles Electronic versions provide additional functions (searching, citation linking) which replace some browsing Online Searching by Topic Browsing Complete Journals

C.Tenopir 4. More readers, more readings, more citations

C.Tenopir Los Alamos/Cornell arXiv.org Connections reached 200,000 per day in May ,000 new papers in 2001 Each article gets an average of 300 downloads per year

C.Tenopir PubMed searches per month Searches per month (Millions) Year searches were conducted

C.Tenopir Steve Lawrence, “Online or Invisible?” Nature, v.411 n.6837: p.521, ers/online-nature01/

C.Tenopir Highly cited and recent articles are more likely to be freely available on the web

C.Tenopir The percentage increase for the average number of citations to online vs. offline articles

C.Tenopir Summary of What Has Changed Scientists read more Scientists read from a greater variety of sources Freely available online articles are read and cited more

C.Tenopir Some Things Do Not Change: Scientists value high quality information Scientists must read more in not much more time Scientists value sources that allow them to make the best use of their time