What Would a Satisfactory Moral Theory Look Like?

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Presentation transcript:

What Would a Satisfactory Moral Theory Look Like? PHIL 2525 Lec 22

Derek Parfit Some people believe that there cannot be progress in Ethics, since everything has already been said... I believe the opposite..

13.1 Morality without Hubris Timothy Vermeulen 2002

“Ah, but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, or what's a heaven for

Carl Sagan 1934 - 1996

Carl Sagan’s Cosmic Time Charts Pre December Dates (approximate, of course) January 1 Big Bang May 1 Origin of the Milky Way September 9 Origin of the Solar System September 14 Formation of the Earth September 25 Origin of life on Earth October 2 Formation of the oldest rocks known on Earth October 9 Date of oldest fossils (bacteria and blue-green algae November 1 Invention of sex (by micro-organisms) November 12 Oldest fossil photosynthetic plants November 15 Eukaryotes (first cells with nuclei) flourish From The Dragons of Eden by Carl Sagan If the age of the earth from its origin to the present time is imagined as equivalent to a single day, then man appeared less than a minute before midnight at the day's end. In the life of the earth we are a very new experiment Only for the last 5000 years or so has man left written records. Records which help us know those early people Not always accurate picture Accident of preservation Not always most important Archaeologists can’t know for certain Function Importance Representativeness Joke about it has religious or cult significance It must be a cult object

December

“The life of man is of no greater importance to the universe than that of an oyster.” David Hume (1711-1776)

Charles Darwin

We are rational beings... We consider options We weigh consequences We choose to behave one way rather than another We can articulate the reasons for our choices

Ethical Egoism: prescriptive Psychological Egoism: descriptive

Rachels says that psychological egoism is not true Rachels says that psychological egoism is not true...we do not always act only for our own self interest.

P 175: Pleasing theoretical fit... A) What reason requires: impartiality B) What social living requires: the golden rule C) Our natural inclination: concern for others Suggests that morality is natural for us...

13.2 Treating People as They Deserve... Remember Kant’s ‘respect for persons’ If we don’t adjust our actions to reflect our judgments of others’ actions we may be denying their status as free agents... But...

13.3 Reasons to ignore impartiality Our lives will go better if...we love our children, enjoy our friends, take pride in our work, keep our promises.....

13.4 Multiple-Strategies Utilitarianism Human welfare as a moral standard... Keep your promises (but not always) Refrain from hurting people (but not always) Never tell a lie (except sometimes) Never put yourself first (except sometimes)

13.4 Multiple-Strategies Utilitarianism Acting in accordance with your best plan... Think about personalizing it: Motives Virtues Decision-making strategies

13.6 The Moral Community Everyone and everything that can suffer and prefers not to is part of our moral community. Near and far. Present and future.

13.6 Justice and Fairness The Natural Lottery... Looks, brains, family status How fair is that?

13.7 Conclusion(s)

Sarah-Anne Goodes The Downfall of Rick Blaine: Why Casablanca’s Hero Should Have Continued Epoché

The Trolley Problem... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WB3Q5EF4Sg

Neuroethics and the Trolley Problem. http://www. youtube. com/watch Neurobiology and social science study how humans develop moral awareness http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WB3Q5EF4Sg

Harvard’s Moral Sense Test http://moral.wjh.harvard.edu/index2.html

One Nurse’s Story... “Mercy...please just let me go.” “Murderer!...God help patients who get you for a nurse!” http://moral.wjh.harvard.edu/index2.html

The Ethics of Erasing a Bad Memory http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnSgSe2GzDc Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnSgSe2GzDc

Marc Hauser on Moral Minds Neuroethics and neuroanthropology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paXqckAeV5Q&feature=related

Barry Schwartz on Practical Wisdom Jonathan Haidt o http://www.ted.com/talks/barry_schwartz_on_our_loss_of_wisdom.html http://www.ted.com/talks/barry_schwartz_on_our_loss_of_wisdom.html Egg raffle in England http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOrmvP8GBeg&feature=player_embedded Free will Waking Life http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VxQuPBX1_U

Jonathan Haidt on the real difference between liberals and conservatives http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vs41JrnGaxc