Bell Ringer – At one time it was not unusual for an ocean voyage to last 3 or more years and space was very limited. If you had to leave home for 1 year and the only belongings you could bring had to fit in a chest that is 2 ft long x 1 ft wide x 2 ft high. What would you bring and why would you choose those items?

History of Oceanography The Development of Navigation How one man, a stick, and 2 tired camels keep you from getting lost when you drive!

Objectives Describe where, who, and how the circumference of the Earth was discovered. Calculate the circumference of the Earth when given the distance between two points on the Earth. Identify the culture and person responsible for developing longitude and latitude.

Agenda Bell Ringer & Share Objectives Lesson – History of Navigation Activity – Calculate the circumference of Earth and any other spherical planet. Exit ticket

Review Question Which of the following was the earliest advanced maritime culture in the Mediterranean Sea? Which of the following was the earliest advanced maritime culture in the Mediterranean Sea? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Review Which culture was the source of the famous “royal purple” dye? Which culture was the source of the famous “royal purple” dye? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Review Which is the first known maritime culture to reach Britain and Africa? Which is the first known maritime culture to reach Britain and Africa? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Review Which maritime culture created the foundation for all modern alphabets? Which maritime culture created the foundation for all modern alphabets? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Knowledge Check What is the science of making maps known as? What is the science of making maps known as? A. mapology B. topography C. cartography D. geography

Greek Contributions to Navigation The Greeks conquered many lands and made maps and charts. The Greeks conquered many lands and made maps and charts. The ____________ had traveled the Nile and nearby parts of Africa, but they did not know how to _____________. The ____________ had traveled the Nile and nearby parts of Africa, but they did not know how to _____________. Still the Greeks valued the knowledge of the Egyptians. Still the Greeks valued the knowledge of the Egyptians.

Greek Contributions to Navigation The Greeks conquered many lands and made maps and charts. The Greeks conquered many lands and made maps and charts. The Egyptians had traveled the Nile and nearby parts of Africa, but they did not know how to navigate. The Egyptians had traveled the Nile and nearby parts of Africa, but they did not know how to navigate. Still the Greeks valued the knowledge of the Egyptians. Still the Greeks valued the knowledge of the Egyptians.

Navigation: Science for Voyaging In _________ the _______ founded what is considered the first _________, known as the ________________. In _________ the _______ founded what is considered the first _________, known as the ________________. The __________ was considered the greatest of the ancient world.

Navigation: Science for Voyaging In Egypt the Greeks founded what is considered the first university, known as the Library of Alexandria. In Egypt the Greeks founded what is considered the first university, known as the Library of Alexandria. The library was considered the greatest of the ancient world.

May have seated up to ___________ in approximately 13 lecture halls.

May have seated up to 5000 students in approximately 13 lecture halls.

Held approximately 40,000 to 700,000 books

Navigation: Science for Voyaging It was here that a Greek librarian developed the foundation of the same ___________ that we use today. It was here that a Greek librarian developed the foundation of the same ___________ that we use today. List 2 Greek contributions to navigation seen in the clip below. List 2 Greek contributions to navigation seen in the clip below. Video Clip (5 min) Video Clip (5 min) Video Clip (5 min) Video Clip (5 min)

Navigation: Science for Voyaging It was here that a Greek librarian developed the foundation of the same navigation that we use today. It was here that a Greek librarian developed the foundation of the same navigation that we use today. List 2 Greek contributions to navigation seen in the clip below. List 2 Greek contributions to navigation seen in the clip below. Video Clip (5 min) Video Clip (5 min) Video Clip (5 min) Video Clip (5 min)

Eratosthenes - (Ἐρατοσθένης) Given credit for… Inventing ____________ Inventing ____________ Calculating the __________ of the Earth Calculating the __________ of the Earth Invented the use of ___________ … and also Invented the use of ___________ … and also Calculated the distance from the _______ to the _________. Calculated the distance from the _______ to the _________. Invented _____________. Invented _____________.

Eratosthenes - (Ἐρατοσθένης) Given credit for… Inventing geography Inventing geography Calculating the circumference of the Earth Calculating the circumference of the Earth Invented the use of coordinates … and also Invented the use of coordinates … and also Calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Invented Leap Day. Invented Leap Day.

Earth’s Circumference Without ever leaving ____, ____________ calculated the circumference of the earth using only, _______, and a couple of tired camels. Without ever leaving ____, ____________ calculated the circumference of the earth using only, _______, and a couple of tired camels.

Earth’s Circumference Without ever leaving Egypt, Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth using only, sticks, and a couple of tired camels. Without ever leaving Egypt, Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth using only, sticks, and a couple of tired camels.

A Mathematical Journey Syene – longest day of year – no shadow at noon Syene – longest day of year – no shadow at noon Alexandria – same day – shadow with ____ angle Alexandria – same day – shadow with ____ angle He realized the Earth must be _________! So what is the # of degrees in a circle? ______ He realized the Earth must be _________! So what is the # of degrees in a circle? ______

A Mathematical Journey Syene – longest day of year – no shadow at noon Syene – longest day of year – no shadow at noon Alexandria – same day – shadow with 7.2 ◦ angle Alexandria – same day – shadow with 7.2 ◦ angle He realized the Earth must be ROUND! So what is the # of degrees in a circle? He realized the Earth must be ROUND! So what is the # of degrees in a circle? 360 ◦

His calculations Distance between two cities = ________. Distance between two cities = ________. 360◦ in a circle. Estimate how many times will a 7.2◦ angle will fit into a circle. 360◦ in a circle. Estimate how many times will a 7.2◦ angle will fit into a circle. _________________ _________________

His calculations Distance between two cities = 491 mi. Distance between two cities = 491 mi. 360◦ in a circle. Estimate how many times will a 7.2◦ angle will fit into a circle. 360◦ in a circle. Estimate how many times will a 7.2◦ angle will fit into a circle. 360/7.2 = _______ 360/7.2 = _______ 50

Lets do his calculation Distance between two cities = 491 miles Distance between two cities = 491 miles If 7.2◦ = 491 miles…. If 7.2◦ = 491 miles…. And 50 times that is the distance around the world…. And 50 times that is the distance around the world…. Then _______ = ________ Then _______ = ________ And he did this 1700 years before the voyage of ______________!!!

Lets do his calculation Distance between two cities = 491 miles Distance between two cities = 491 miles If 7.2◦ = 491 miles…. If 7.2◦ = 491 miles…. And 50 times that is the distance around the world…. And 50 times that is the distance around the world…. Then 50 x 491 = ________ Then 50 x 491 = ________ And he did this 1700 years before the voyage of Columbus!!! 24,550

You try… but in kilometers! The angle between Manasquan, New Jersey and San Juan, Puerto is about 21.7 ◦ The angle between Manasquan, New Jersey and San Juan, Puerto is about 21.7 ◦ The distance between the two is about 2404 km. The distance between the two is about 2404 km. _____/_____ = ________ _____ x ____ = _________ km 8% error Actual circumference is 40,008 km.

You try… but in kilometers! The angle between Manasquan, New Jersey and San Juan, Puerto is about 21.7 ◦ The angle between Manasquan, New Jersey and San Juan, Puerto is about 21.7 ◦ The distance between the two is about 2404 km. The distance between the two is about 2404 km. 360/21.7 = x 16.6 = 39,906 km 8% error Actual circumference is 40,008 km.

Library of Alexandria Another Alexandrian scholar was: Another Alexandrian scholar was: Hipparchus ( B.C.) who refined ________ & __________ w/ 360 o Hipparchus ( B.C.) who refined ________ & __________ w/ 360 o

Library of Alexandria Another Alexandrian scholar was: Another Alexandrian scholar was: Hipparchus ( B.C.) who refined longitude & latitude w/ 360 o Hipparchus ( B.C.) who refined longitude & latitude w/ 360 o

Library of Alexandria The entire library was lost to the world when it was destroyed by what is thought to have been purposely destroyed when Roman Christians ruled Alexandria and believed the notions of science and math to be pagan practices. The entire library was lost to the world when it was destroyed by what is thought to have been purposely destroyed when Roman Christians ruled Alexandria and believed the notions of science and math to be pagan practices.

Out of this world Exit Ticket You’ve gone to Mars and need to know it’s circumference. You’ve gone to Mars and need to know it’s circumference. The angle between your landing site and Olympus Mons is about 36.0 ◦ The angle between your landing site and Olympus Mons is about 36.0 ◦ The distance between the 2 is about 2134 km. The distance between the 2 is about 2134 km. _____/_____ = ________ _____ x ____ = _________ km Actual circumference is 21,344 km.

Knowledge Check Which maritime culture created the Library of Alexandria? Which maritime culture created the Library of Alexandria? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Knowledge Check Long before Columbus, the ancient Greeks believed the Earth’s shape was… Long before Columbus, the ancient Greeks believed the Earth’s shape was… A. Flat B. a dome C. a circle D. a sphere

Knowledge Check - Choral Who first calculated the circumference of the Earth… Who first calculated the circumference of the Earth…

Knowledge Check - Choral Who first calculated the circumference of the Earth… Who first calculated the circumference of the Earth… Eratosthenes

Knowledge Check Where was the greatest library of the ancient world located? Where was the greatest library of the ancient world located? A. Rome B. Greece C. Egypt D. Crete

Knowledge Check Which maritime culture first developed the coordinate system that uses latitude and longitude. Which maritime culture first developed the coordinate system that uses latitude and longitude. A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Egyptian

Knowledge Check Which of the following was the earliest advanced maritime culture in the Mediterranean Sea? Which of the following was the earliest advanced maritime culture in the Mediterranean Sea? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Knowledge Check Which culture was the source of the famous “royal purple” dye? Which culture was the source of the famous “royal purple” dye? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan

Knowledge Check Which maritime culture created the foundation for all modern alphabets? Which maritime culture created the foundation for all modern alphabets? A. Roman B. Greek C. Phoenician D. Minoan