Learning and the mind. Objectives: the Student Will Describe a cognitive map and explain who Edward Tolman is describe social learning & observational.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Cognitive Learning Objective: Describe how conditioning has a cognitive component through notes and discussion.
Advertisements

PowerPoint® Presentation by Jim Foley Learning © 2013 Worth Publishers.
$100 $400 $300$200$400 $200$100$100$400 $200$200$500 $500$300 $200$500 $100$300$100$300 $500$300$400$400$500.
Social Learning Theory
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT 1. RATIO SCHEDULES PROVIDE A REWARD AFTER A CERTAIN NUMBER OF RESPONSES (RATIO = NUMBER) 2. INTERVAL SCHEDULES PROVIDE REWARD.
Reinforcement Schedules Intermittent Reinforcement: A type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced. Intermittent.
Ethological Perspective Chapter 10, pp Ethological Perspective  Ethologists focus on the study of animal behaviour as it occurs in the natural.
AP Psychology Social and Cognitive Learning. Cognitive Learning Cognitive theorist argue that CC / OC have a cognitive component Pavlov’s contiguity model.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning? According to cognitive psychology, some forms of learning must be explained.
1 Famous Psychology Experiments. 2 Ivan Pavlov Classical Conditioning Experiments on dogs Smarty Pants: Nobel Prize Dog.
1 Famous Psychology Experiments. 2 Ivan Pavlov Classical Conditioning Experiments on dogs Smarty Pants: Nobel Prize Dog.
Learning Part II. Overview Habituation Classical conditioning Instrumental/operant conditioning Observational learning.
Operant Conditioning Summary Question… Please write your individual response a piece of paper (remember to show analysis) –How does operant conditioning.
Chapter 7: Learning 1 What is learning? A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience First test - purpose? To assess learning First test.
Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational Learning Learning Conditioning Watson Thorndike Behavior Reinforcement Skinner Operants.
Operant Conditioning  B.F. Skinner ( ) elaborated Thorndike’s Law of Effect developed behavioral technology.
READ!. Unit 4: Learning and Cognition Chapter 6: Learning.
Albert Bandura and Observational Learning What things did you have to watch/observe in order to learn? Module 17: Observational Learning.
Learning Chapter 7. Operant & Classical Conditioning 1. Classical conditioning forms associations between stimuli (CS and US). Operant conditioning, on.
DO NOW: On a piece of paper that you will use ALL WEEK, tell me: The four types of partial reinforcement schedules. Which is best for long term changes.
Cognitive Learning Theory - Tolman Observational Learning - Bandura
Learning Review Flashcards for Terms on the Test.
Learning Theories - Social Learning - Kimberley A. Clow Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pm Office: S302.
Neobehaviorists. Neobehaviorism Life after Watson Life after Watson Optimism Optimism But…. But….
PowerPoint® Presentation by Jim Foley © 2013 Worth Publishers Learning.
1 Operant Conditioning Unit 5. 2 B.F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning involves an automatic response to a stimulus (conditioned.
The Learning Approach  Focuses on how experiences shape behavior  Has two branches: Behaviorists believe that people learn socially desirable behaviors.
Cognitive Learning Models. Kohler: Insight Learning Wolfgang Kohler –Disenchanted with behaviorists explanation for learning –Believed that cognition,
Observational learning Modeling We learn from and examples. Higher animals, especially humans, learn through observing others’ experiences and imitation.
B.F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning (Mod. 19)  B.F. Skinner ( ) elaborated Thorndike’s Law of Effect developed behavioral technology.
Thought Process: Watson and Skinner thought learning was from environment. Cognitive theorist interpreted learning as a thinking process.
©1999 Prentice Hall Learning Chapter 7. ©1999 Prentice Hall Learning Classical conditioning. Classical conditioning in real life. Operant conditioning.
WHS AP Psychology Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism) Essential Task 5-5: Describe the essential characteristics of insight learning, latent learning, and observational.
Social Learning Theory - the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating others. Refers to ALL learning in social situations - not concerned.
BANDURA’S SOCIAL MODELLING APPROACH TO AGGRESSION.
Observational Learning (AKA: Social Learning Theory)
CHAPTER 8 Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Adaptability  Our capacity to learn new behaviors that allow.
Cognitive Learning Module 29. Cognitive Influences on Learning  1950s  Incorporate the study of the role of cognition on learning  Learning is impacted.
Operant Conditioning Also known as… instrumental conditioning.
B.F. SKINNER Most significant name in behaviorism (behavior is controlled by reinforcement, not your unconscious) Research on operant conditioning Creator.
Behavioral Theories. John Watson O Father of American behavioral psychology O Believed that children are passive, and can be molded by conditioning (nurture.
Ch. 9 Social Learning. Latent Learning: Latent learning Latent literally means hidden, and latent learning is learning that becomes obvious only once.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning? According to cognitive psychology, some forms of learning must be explained.
Chapter 6 Learning. Objectives 6.1 How We Learn Distinguish among three major types of learning theories focusing on behavior. 6.2 Classical Conditioning.
Observational Learning Social-cognitive theory Albert Bandura.
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY All learning that occurs in a social situation.
Social Learning Theory By: Shuhudha Rizwan (2007).
Social Learning. Classical & operant conditioning does not explain all forms of learning. Observational learning: An organism’s responding is influenced.
Module 19 Feldman, R. S. (2013). Understanding psychology (11th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Other considerations in operant conditioning Cognitive Maps Latent Learning The Overjustification Effect and Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation Learned Helplessness.
Social Learning Process of altering our behavior from observing and imitating the behavior of others.
Chapter 6 LEARNING. Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes. Behavioral Learning.
O BSERVATIONAL L EARNING S OCIAL L EARNING T HEORY.
Learning. Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning.
7 Learning and Conditioning.
Learning is when you learn something…?
PSYCHOLOGY: LEARNING Learning- the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
Learning: Operant Conditioning.
Social Learning.
Ch 7 Part 3 Textbook Answers
Good Morning! Simple Warm up this morning:
Latent & Observational Learning
How Does Cognitive Psychology Explain Learning?
Social Learning Theory
OTHER TYPES OF LEARNING
Social Learning (Observational Learning)
Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism)
Mirrors and Imitation in the Brain 30
A.P. Psychology 6.3 Oct. 25th Objective:
Presentation transcript:

Learning and the mind

Objectives: the Student Will Describe a cognitive map and explain who Edward Tolman is describe social learning & observational learning Analyze the bobo experiment Summarize media violence

Cognitive Maps: Tolman Finds Out What’s on a Rats Mind Ever walk through your house in the dark? Cognitive map- Mental image that an organism uses to navigate through a familiar environment Edward Tolman ( )

Maze Breakdown Rats take shortest route to food When a route is blocked, rats use mental map of the maze to find new way to food! Then Tolman floods the maze and the rats swim it. Adds evidence Latent learning- a form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without obvious reinforcement

Tolmans Maze

Latent learning Rats received one maze trial per day Learning isn’t the same as performance. chapter 9

Significance of Tolmans Work Challenges Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner More than stimulus and responses Brain imaging now supports his hypothesis. Mental drawing in your head Most prevalent in animals that forge for food

Social learning Social cognitive theories emphasize how behavior is learned and maintained. Through observation and imitation of others Positive consequences Cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs Observational learning involves learning new responses by observing the behavior of another rather than through direct experience. chapter 9

Learning by Observation and Imitation Imitation replaces experience A.K.A. Modeling Like operant conditioning ( reward) but you see someone else get the reward Observational learning or Social learning Examples- Clothing, slang, birds replicate cell phone ring….Or BOBO EX

Bandura’s Bobo doll study Nursery school children watched a film of two men (Johnny and Rocky) playing with toys. Johnny refuses to share, and Rocky hits him, getting all the toys. Children who watched the video were significantly more violent afterward than children in a control group. chapter 9

Observational Learning: Bandura’s Challenge to Behaviorism Albert Bandura- Bobo experiment Kids shown a film of adults enjoying punching, kicking, hitting inflated clown As a result Kids enjoyed assaulting the clown Kids in ‘control group’ (not shown film) were nicer to clown

Media violence Since Bandura, hundreds of other experimental studies have corroborated the findings. Meta-analysis shows that greater exposure to violence is related to more aggressive behavior when controlled for social class, intelligence, and other factors. Other researchers are less concerned because they believe that media violence does not cause most viewers to become aggressive. Aggressive individuals may be drawn to violent programming. chapter 9

Effects of Media Violence Correlation evidence- Over 50 studies connect viewing violence to acts of violence Experimental studies- Over 100 showing casual relationship Psychic numbing- Desensitized to violence

Social-cognitive view and aggression Other factors intervene in the relationship between what we see, what we learn, and how we respond. Perceptions Interpretations Personality dispositions chapter 9

summary Bobo experiment Tolman- rats-maze Media violence