Identify and briefly explain three fundamental motives for European involvement in Africa. Economic Motives: Economic Motives: Industrialized nations sought: Industrialized nations sought: Raw materials Raw materials Natural resources Natural resources A cheap labor supply A cheap labor supply New marketplaces for manufactured goods New marketplaces for manufactured goods Religious: to spread the benefits of Christianity and Western Culture Religious: to spread the benefits of Christianity and Western Culture Political: competition fuel by Nationalism, Empire Building Political: competition fuel by Nationalism, Empire Building

Identify material improvements brought by European rule to Africa. Material improvements: Material improvements: Transportation and communication Transportation and communication RR and Telegraphs RR and Telegraphs Hospitals Hospitals Sanitation and water systems Sanitation and water systems Formal education system (western) Formal education system (western)

Identify ways in which European rule disrupted traditional African culture New political systems: direct and indirect rule New political systems: direct and indirect rule New Economic Pattern: money economy, cash crops, taxes, economic dependence, lack of diversity New Economic Pattern: money economy, cash crops, taxes, economic dependence, lack of diversity migrant workers, chibaro = breakdown of Family migrant workers, chibaro = breakdown of Family New attitude towards land: ownership New attitude towards land: ownership Racism Racism Christianity Christianity Artificial boundaries Artificial boundaries westernization westernization Generalization: change and breakdown of traditional values and organizations Generalization: change and breakdown of traditional values and organizations

Closure: How did trade contribute to the rise of strong African Kingdoms? Trade = wealth = strong armies = expand empire = maintain trade routes and benefit from diffusion

Vocab lineage lineage consensus consensus subsistence farmer subsistence farmer Polygamy Polygamy age-grade age-grade bride wealth bride wealth Animism Animism Triangle Trade Triangle Trade Middle Passage Middle Passage abolition abolition African Diaspora African Diaspora Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference David Livingstone King Leopold II Cecil Rhodes direct rule indirect rule

Kingdoms and Trading States Make sure you can match the Kingdoms and Trading States with its description (use chart) Make sure you can match the Kingdoms and Trading States with its description (use chart) Ghana Ghana Mali Mali Songhai Songhai East African City-States East African City-States Zimbabwe Zimbabwe