WHI: SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia Early River Valley Civilizations.

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Presentation transcript:

WHI: SOL 3a-e Mesopotamia Early River Valley Civilizations

Akkad Sargon-ruler of Akkad, conquered and invaded neighboring city-states (2300 b.c.e.) 1 st empire in history- empire a group of cities or states controlled by one ruler After Sargon’s death the empire was conquered and fell

Babylon 1790 b.c.e Hammurabi King of Babylon brought most of the Sumerian region under his control Known for Code of Hammurabi Established set of laws 1 st to codify a set of laws- codify to arrange and set down in writing Code dealt with civil law (private matters- business, property, divorce, marriage, taxes, etc.) Code also dealt with criminal law (offenses against others-murder, robbery, assault)

Hittites Moved out of Asia Minor in 1400 b.c. **brought knowledge of how to extract (get out) iron from ore Tools and weapons made of iron were harder, had sharper edges than those of bronze or copper After their empire collapsed, ironsmiths travelled and spread the knowledge to Asia, Africa, and Europe Ushered in Iron Age**

Assyria Among most feared warriors in history Conquered many regions Well-ordered society Extensive library Extreme wealth for royals

New Babylon(Chaldea) Nebuchadnezzar- rebuilt the city of Babylon 85 ft. high walls, large moat Hanging Gardens of Babylon (once one of the 7 wonders of the world) Rebuilt a magnificent ziggurat

Phoenicians Located along the eastern Mediterranean Sea Sea traders Traded glass (made from sand) and purple dye for tin and European goods Established colonies in N. Africa, Sicily, and Spain “Carriers of civilization” created an alphabet based on sound (i.e. Phonics, phonetic)

Israel(Judaism) Origins Abraham (founder) made a covenant (a promise or agreement) with God Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, gave them the 10 Commandments Jerusalem main city, part of the “promised land” of Canaan, rebuilt by Solomon captured by various empires over time, still disputed

Israel Beliefs, traditions, and customs Belief in one God (monotheism) Torah, which contains the written records and beliefs of the Jews Ten Commandments, which state moral and religious conduct Patriarchal, men hold greatest legal and moral authority

Israel Spread of Judaism Exile- to force out Diaspora- the spreading of the Jewish people all over the world