1. What kinds of problems do you think might be caused by conflicting state claims to new territories? States may go to war over the land or try to exclude other states from claiming their land. 2. How do you think those conflicting claims could be resolved? perhaps by a compromise in which no one state owns the lands 10/23 Warm up #1 AGENDA HOMEWORK Warm Up All: NONE De-brief Exam Articles of Confederation

We won the Revolution, Now What? The Articles of Confederation We won the Revolution, Now What?

New State Governments After the colonies became independent, each state created its own republican government. In a republic, people choose representatives to govern them.

Articles of Confederation 1777 *2nd Continental Congress created the first constitution (plan for a govt.) *National government was a weak confederation (loose alliance) of states *The confederation had only one branch of govt: a unicameral congress *Each state had one vote

3 main Accomplishments: *Ratified the Treaty of Paris *Land Ordinance of 1785 *Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787

Articles of Confederation created a law still in effect to this day… The Land Ordinance of 1785! * Organized newly acquired western lands * Laid pattern for orderly settlement

Land Ordinance of 1785 • Congress surveyed the land into squares 6 miles on each side. (townships)

Each township was divided into 36 smaller sections, 640 acres each Each township was divided into 36 smaller sections, 640 acres each. The cost was $1 per acre. Smaller lots gave common people a chance to own land, and prevented fights among the states over the Northwest Territory (Ohio River Valley). Today this area above the Ohio River are the states Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana & part of Minnesota

What natural feature formed the western boundary of the United States in 1787? Though the war with England was over, there still was a region of dispute with Britain. Where was it? What other European power was still claiming land in North America in 1787?

How do territories become states? Northwest Land Ordinance Sec. 9. “So soon as there shall be five thousand free male inhabitants of full age in the district, upon giving proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority, with time and place, to elect a representative from their counties or townships to represent them in the general assembly… Upon sixty thousand free male inhabitants of full age in the district, territories may petition Congress to join as a state in the Confederation.”

Northwest Ordinance: How to become a state? • 5,000 free males of voting age = Territory with non-voting rep. in congress • 60,000 free males of voting age = statehood state constitution to be drafted Right to trial by jury & Freedom of religion guaranteed

What about slavery? Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. • The abolitionist movement began during the Revolution & had its 1st victory of emancipation by law: Slavery was outlawed in the NW territory.

Shays’ Rebellion • Farmer’s income decreased while taxes increased. • Farmers who could not pay their debts had their farms taken away by the courts. Massachusetts farmer Daniel Shays and his supporters occupy a Massachusetts courthouse.

Therefore, in 1786, Daniel Shays led a group of farmers in an attempt to capture a federal arsenal. Men Fighting During Shays' Rebellion

• Without an organized army, the U. S. was powerless • Without an organized army, the U.S. was powerless. Massachusetts sent a militia to stop the rebellion.

• Shays’ Rebellion convinced many people that the U. S • Shays’ Rebellion convinced many people that the U.S. needed a new, stronger government. • The Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced! www.youtube.com

10/21 Warm Up #18: Match the terms with their meaning 1. Ordinance 2. Article 3. Confederation 4. Ratify 5. Republic Self Government, also known as Representative Government (citizens elect people to rule) Law A section of a Document To officially approve Loose alliance of independent states that act together for purposes such as defense AGENDA HOMEWORK Warm Up All: NONE Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?

Why did the Articles of Confederation Fail?

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 1. Lack of a common currency Americans carried money from the federal government, state government, and foreign nations.

Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Feature Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Possible Problems with this in the Future 1 Lack of a common currency (ea. State had its own) 2 Congress could not tax. Could Only ASK states. 3 No standing national army. Only state militias. 4 No national court system. No way to solve disputes between states. 5 No chief executive (President) 6 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law 7 All states had to agree to amend (change) the constitution. Britain’s Currency Act outlawed colonial printed money.

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 2. Congress could NOT levy (raise) taxes on the people and could only ask for money from the states. Debt of 29 million dollars! If you did not have to give the government money, would you? Examples: The U.S. owed money to France, Holland, and Spain for loans made during the Revolutionary War. The U.S. had not paid many of their own soldiers! Therefore, the U.S. was unable to pay its debts!

Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Feature Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Possible Problems with this in the Future 1 Lack of a common currency (ea. State had its own) Britain’s Currency Act outlawed colonial printed money. 2 Congress could not tax. Could Only ASK states. 3 No standing national army. Only state militias. 4 No national court system. No way to solve disputes between states. 5 No chief executive (President) 6 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law 7 All states had to agree to amend (change) the constitution. Over-Taxation without representation

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 3. No standing army The U.S. lacked the military power to defend itself. Only had state militias.

Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Feature Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Possible Problems with this in the Future 1 Lack of a common currency (ea. State had its own) Britain’s Currency Act outlawed colonial printed money. 2 Congress could not tax. Could Only ASK states. 3 No standing national army. Only state militias. 4 No national court system. No way to solve disputes between states. 5 No chief executive (President) 6 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law 7 All states had to agree to amend (change) the constitution. Over-Taxation without representation British army was used as martial law

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Courts (Judicial Branch) 4. No national Court System. States acted as individual countries and seldom agreed. Supreme Court Connecticut and Virginia almost went to war over land claims!

Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Feature Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Possible Problems with this in the Future 1 Lack of a common currency (ea. State had its own) Britain’s Currency Act outlawed colonial printed money. 2 Congress could not tax. Could Only ASK states. 3 No standing national army. Only state militias. 4 No national court system. No way to solve disputes between states. 5 No chief executive (President) 6 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law 7 All states had to agree to amend (change) the constitution. Over-Taxation without representation British army was used as martial law British courts abused colonists’ rights

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? President (Executive Branch) 5. * The nation did not have a President, or Chief Executive. White House

Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Feature Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Possible Problems with this in the Future 1 Lack of a common currency (ea. State had its own) Britain’s Currency Act outlawed colonial printed money. 2 Congress could not tax. Could Only ASK states. 3 No standing national army. Only state militias. 4 No national court system. No way to solve disputes between states. 5 No chief executive (President) 6 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law 7 All states had to agree to amend (change) the constitution. Over-Taxation without representation British army was used as martial law British courts abused colonists’ rights The King abused his power

Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 6. Laws needed the approval of nine states. Congress had one house. (unicameral) Difficult for Congress to pass laws 7. To amend the document , you had to have unanimous (everyone’s) votes. Congress had no power to regulate trade also!

Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Feature Why This Was Involved in the Articles of Confederation Possible Problems with this in the Future 1 Lack of a common currency (ea. State had its own) Britain’s Currency Act outlawed colonial printed money. 2 Congress could not tax. Could Only ASK states. 3 No standing national army. Only state militias. 4 No national court system. No way to solve disputes between states. 5 No chief executive (President) 6 9 out of 13 states had to agree to pass a law 7 All states had to agree to amend (change) the constitution. Over-Taxation without representation British army was used as martial law British courts abused colonists’ rights The King abused his power Colonies had to follow too many laws under Britain w/o a say The King/Parliament could change laws whenever they wanted

I think the delegates should ____________ and Exit Slip Sentence Stem: I think the delegates should ____________ and ___________________ . The advantages of this would be __________, but the disadvantages would be _____________. The Articles of Confederation are not working. Delegates are going to meet in Philadelphia. What should delegates do about the Articles of Confederation? Choose one & explain the advantages and disadvantages of each: 1: Remain 13 independent nations 2: Create one large nation with no states 3: Have 13 states that work as one united federation of states A: Try to fix the Articles’ weaknesses B: Start over & write a new constitution w/ a stronger central government?

WARM UP What do the headlines illustrate? A Weakness of the federal government B One man, one vote C No taxation without representation D “E pluribus unum” [Out of many, One] 8.4.C

Let’s Practice… 1. Shay’s Rebellion 2. Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation What was outcome of the events above? A. It was thought that the Articles were too tyrannical. B. National debt decreased and the value of the dollar rose. C. Patriots would finally declare independence from England. D. There was a call to revise the Articles and create a stronger government.

Let’s Practice… In 1787 Congress established a system for creating new states from western territories- A. Through the Treaty of Paris B. Through the Northwest Ordinance C. During the Declaration of Independence D. During the French and Indian War

Under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, the states admitted to the Union- A. Could not take part in presidential elections B. Were considered equal to existing states C. Were required to defend Native American lands D. Were required to allow slavery

No executive branch No levying of taxes No national court system The list above summarizes the limitation of the national government under the- A. U.S. Constitution B. Articles of Confederation C. Mayflower Compact D. Declaration of Independence

Which step best completes the list? 1. Congress appoints a resident governor. 2. When the territory has 5,000 free men it may elect a legislature and send a non-voting member to congress. 3. When the territory has 60,000 free men it may petition congress with its own constitution. 4. ??? Which step best completes the list? A. The territory may decide to allow slavery. B. The territory may be admitted as a state. C. The territory must now pay taxes. D. The territory must allow women to vote.