Early British Christianity St. Alban Britain’s 1 st Martyr, 3 rd Century Verulamium – St. Albans, Hertfordshire St. Patrick 5 th Century; from Northwest.

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Presentation transcript:

Early British Christianity St. Alban Britain’s 1 st Martyr, 3 rd Century Verulamium – St. Albans, Hertfordshire St. Patrick 5 th Century; from Northwest Britain Of High Roman Family Slave in, Missionary to Ireland Pelagius Britain’s 1 st Heretic, c. 400 Theological Opposition to Augustine (Original Sin & Christian Grace) Romano-British Christianity Widespread Constantine & Council of Nicea (325) The Decapitation of St. Alban

Anglo-Saxon Invasion & Christianity 5 th Century Britain End of an Era; Beginning of Another Enter the Germans Displacing Native Culture Resistance & Cooperation Regional Kingdoms Christianity Strikes Back Variety of Christian Customs Monastic Foundations; Missionaries Northern Initiatives Southern Initiatives Consolidation of the Church Ecclesiastical Customs Structure of the Church; Link to Rome

5 th Century Britain The End of Roman Britain Retreat of the Empire Decline in Trade, Wealth; Economics (£) Latin Language & Civic Life Reassertion of Local Chieftains/Kings Moving Back to the Hillforts Continuous Elements Christianity (esp. in the North) Some Cities (e.g. York, Canterbury) A Period of Flux Empires don’t just “End” Mystery (Sources are Later) Wroxeter (Viroconium), Shropshire

Enter the Germans The Coming of the Barbarians, c Several Hundred Thousand People Previous Contact (Raiding, Warfare) Angles, Saxons, Jutes; Swedes, Frisians Displacing Native Cultures Cooperation & Resistance Vortigern, German Mercenaries 5 th cent; Kent Arthur, Mt. Badon c. 510; Southwest Legend? Myth? Significance? Rapid Expanse & Regional Kingdoms Political Vacuum; Decentralized British Pushing British Authorities North & West The Brut Chronicle, mid-14 th cent., Univ. Manchester, English MS 103. (NB: There are many copies of the Brut Chronicle, which dates from the late 13 th cent.)

Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms Regional Powers Kent Sussex, Essex, Wessex Norfolk, Suffolk Mercia Bernicia, Deira (N.umbria) Celtic Fringe Cornwall Wales Scotland

6 th Century German Culture

Christianity Redivivus Variety of Christian Customs Localities Removed Lack of Contact w/ Mainland Missionaries & Monasteries Patrick: Ireland (5 th ) Columba: Iona (mid-6 th ) Benedict Biscop: Wearmouth, Jarrow (674/81) Northern Initiatives Edwin & Oswald of Northumbria Southern Initiatives Gregory the Great, 597 Augustine to Ethelbert of Kent Spread of Christianity by 680s (Sussex) Key Early Christian Foundations

Lindisfarne Gospels (c. 715); Book of Kells (c. 800) s

Consolidation of the Church Differences Northern/Southern Ecclesiastical Customs Dating of Easter (Calendars) Monastic Tonsure Synod of Whitby, 664 Oswy of Northumbria Church Structure Diocesian Reorganization Primacy of Canterbury Synod of Hertford, 673 Wilfrid, Bp. York; Theodore, Abp. Cant. Centralization of Church Power Canterbury; York; London; Winchester Link to Rome Whitby Abbey, Ruins