1.Describe Law with a formula. 1.Describe Avogadro’s Law with a formula. 2.Use Law to determine either moles or volume 2.Use Avogadro’s Law to determine either moles or volume 3.Describe the Law with a formula. 3.Describe the Ideal Gas Law with a formula. 4.Use Law to determine either moles, pressure, temperature or volume 4.Use the Ideal Gas Law to determine either moles, pressure, temperature or volume 5.Explain the Kinetic Molecular Theory

Equal volumes of gases at the same T and P have the same number of molecules. V = an V and n are directly related. twice as many molecules

Avogadro’s Law Summary  For a gas at constant temperature and pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas (at low pressures). V = an a = proportionality constant V = volume of the gas n = number of moles of gas

Standard Molar Volume Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. - Amedeo Avogadro

V1V1 n1n1 V2V2 n2n L 0.21 mol 7.12 L n2n mol total 0.16 mol added

Brings together gas properties. Can be derived from experiment and theory. BE SURE YOU KNOW THIS EQUATION! P V = n R T

Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT  P = pressure in atm  V = volume in liters  n = moles  R = proportionality constant  = L atm/ mol·   T = temperature in Kelvins Holds closely at P < 1 atm

Review of Kinetic Molecular Theory  Particles of matter are ALWAYS in motion  Volume of individual particles is  zero.  Collisions of particles with container walls cause pressure exerted by gas.  Particles exert no forces on each other.  Average kinetic energy  Kelvin temperature of a gas.

 Real molecules have volume. The ideal gas consumes the entire amount of available volume. It does not account for the volume of the molecules themselves.  There are intermolecular forces. An ideal gas assumes there are no attractions between molecules. Attractions slow down the molecules and reduce the amount of collisions. › Otherwise a gas could not condense to become a liquid.

R is a constant, called the Ideal Gas Constant Instead of learning a different value for R for all the possible unit combinations, we can just memorize one value and convert the units to match R. R = R = L atm mol K

How much N 2 is required to fill a small room with a volume of 960 cubic feet (27,000 L) to 745 mm Hg at 25 o C? Solution Solution 1. Get all data into proper units V = 27,000 L V = 27,000 L T = 25 o C = 298 K T = 25 o C = 298 K P = 745 mm Hg (1 atm/760 mm Hg) = 0.98 atm P = 745 mm Hg (1 atm/760 mm Hg) = 0.98 atm And we always know R, L atm / mol K

RT RT RT RT How much N 2 is required to fill a small room with a volume of 960 cubic feet (27,000 L) to P = 745 mm Hg at 25 o C? Solution Solution 2. Now plug in those values and solve for the unknown. PV = nRT n = 1.1 x 10 3 mol (or about 30 kg of gas)

(5.6 atm)(12 L)( atm*L / mol*K )(T) 200 K (4 mol)