ADS-B An Industry Perspective New Technologies Workshop Washington, DC January 10, 2007

ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast Why? Why? Why so soon? Why so soon? Why does the FAA support ADS-B? Why does the FAA support ADS-B? Why might the aviation community support ADS-B? Why might the aviation community support ADS-B? Why is the FAA developing a Proposed Rule for ADS-B? Why is the FAA developing a Proposed Rule for ADS-B?

ADS-B Why? Reduce Surveillance Costs for FAA Reduce Surveillance Costs for FAA Surveillance applied in locations where radar does not exist today. Surveillance applied in locations where radar does not exist today. Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico Mountainous AirportsMountainous Airports Superior update rate Superior update rate Facilitates reduced separation standardsFacilitates reduced separation standards Facilitates future capacity enhancementsFacilitates future capacity enhancements Much of the JPDO CONOPS hinges around ADS-B type applications. Much of the JPDO CONOPS hinges around ADS-B type applications.

ADS-B Why so soon? Ground Based infrastructure replenishment decisions in the 2020 timeframe drive commitments today. Ground Based infrastructure replenishment decisions in the 2020 timeframe drive commitments today. Retrofit cycles Retrofit cycles GA (10 year equipage cycle)GA (10 year equipage cycle) Commercial Aviation ( 7 year cycle)Commercial Aviation ( 7 year cycle) Assumes up to 10 years of prior development to field the avionics Assumes up to 10 years of prior development to field the avionics Question might be why so long? Question might be why so long?

ADS-B Why does the FAA support ADS-B? Transition from ground based surveillance to satellite centric operations Transition from ground based surveillance to satellite centric operations Divestment Divestment Strategic Investment decision with positive long term cost / benefit Strategic Investment decision with positive long term cost / benefit Support aviation community demand Support aviation community demand Enhances safety and capacity Enhances safety and capacity

ADS-B Why might the aviation community support ADS-B? General Aviation Flight Information Service – Broadcast (FIS-B) Flight Information Service – Broadcast (FIS-B) Traffic Information System - Broadcast (TIS-B) Traffic Information System - Broadcast (TIS-B) Supports reduced costs imposed by FAA Supports reduced costs imposed by FAA Situational Awareness and Safety enhancements akin to current Capstone program in Alaska Situational Awareness and Safety enhancements akin to current Capstone program in Alaska

ADS-B Why might the aviation community support ADS-B? Commercial Aviation Supports future reductions in separation standards from current standards to meet demand. Supports future reductions in separation standards from current standards to meet demand. 5 mile enroute / 3 mile terminal separation standards are unlikely to meet this demand5 mile enroute / 3 mile terminal separation standards are unlikely to meet this demand Supports future capacity enhancements Supports future capacity enhancements With navigation enhancements, will benefit arrival and departure ratesWith navigation enhancements, will benefit arrival and departure rates Establishes the foundation for future cockpit safety and situational applications Establishes the foundation for future cockpit safety and situational applications VFR like separations in some casesVFR like separations in some cases Surface surveillance applicationsSurface surveillance applications

ADS-B Why is the aviation community working through RTCA to develop recommendations for a Proposed Rule associated with ADS-B? Establishes a collaborative model where FAA and aviation community develop the future in a collaborative manner Establishes a collaborative model where FAA and aviation community develop the future in a collaborative manner “Road to NexGen” passes through ADS-B “Road to NexGen” passes through ADS-B Lays the foundation for future system enhancements Lays the foundation for future system enhancements Addresses many of the “transition” issues of moving to a aircraft centric NAS Addresses many of the “transition” issues of moving to a aircraft centric NAS

Challenges The Transition Plan The Transition Plan The Equipage Curves The Equipage Curves The Cost Benefit story The Cost Benefit story The Consequences of Failure The Consequences of Failure

Transition Plan The Proposed Rule The Proposed Rule Accomplished in the 2007 – 2010 timeframeAccomplished in the 2007 – 2010 timeframe The Implementation Begins The Implementation Begins Gulf of Mexico and Eastern SeaboardGulf of Mexico and Eastern Seaboard 2010 timeframe2010 timeframe The ADS-B Infrastructure The ADS-B Infrastructure Deployment complete in 2015 timeframeDeployment complete in 2015 timeframe Benefit accrues to early equippersBenefit accrues to early equippers The Effectivity Date (2020 timeframe) The Effectivity Date (2020 timeframe) Near 100% equipage is requiredNear 100% equipage is required Ground Based Radar removals beginGround Based Radar removals begin

Equipage Curves G A uses a 10 year equipage cycle G A uses a 10 year equipage cycle GPS or GPS / WAAS requirementsGPS or GPS / WAAS requirements Challenges relative to backup scenario where surveillance source (GPS) is not availableChallenges relative to backup scenario where surveillance source (GPS) is not available Regional Community uses 7 year retrofit Regional Community uses 7 year retrofit Lack of Inertial introduces GPS backup concernsLack of Inertial introduces GPS backup concerns Augmentation may be requiredAugmentation may be required Commercial Carriers use 7 year retrofit cycle Commercial Carriers use 7 year retrofit cycle Augmentation may be requiredAugmentation may be required

Cost Benefit story Business Case is annualized through 2035 Business Case is annualized through 2035 Pay back to FAA and to Aviation Community is not immediate Pay back to FAA and to Aviation Community is not immediate Aviation Community ADS-B business assessment is challenging Aviation Community ADS-B business assessment is challenging Lays the groundwork for future benefit Lays the groundwork for future benefit Establishes the foundation for enhanced Surveillance and Navigation Establishes the foundation for enhanced Surveillance and Navigation

Cost Benefit story Fundamental Issues/Questions are: Fundamental Issues/Questions are: 1.Do you believe in the projections of at least double current capacity in ? 2.Do you believe “the transition” ever goes away? 3.Do you believe the service provider or the aviation community can make fundamental, “earth changing” decisions in isolation?

Consequences of Failure 1.Do you believe in the projections of at least double current capacity in ? 100+ seater projections 100+ seater projections today13000 today by by Do you believe “the transition” ever goes away? Plans and Vision are easy Plans and Vision are easy Transitions are Hard Transitions are Hard 3.Do you believe the service provider or the aviation community can make fundamental, “earth changing” decisions in isolation? JPDO vision of 2025 JPDO vision of 2025 We’re having difficulty in delivering ADS-B “out” by 2020 We’re having difficulty in delivering ADS-B “out” by 2020

Summary One thing for sure, we need to move in this direction over time. One thing for sure, we need to move in this direction over time. Don’t want to have to re-equip again before Don’t want to have to re-equip again before Retrofits or deliveries accomplished today need to support 2025 applicationsRetrofits or deliveries accomplished today need to support 2025 applications Don’t want to change the aircraft architectureDon’t want to change the aircraft architecture Don’t want throw away equipmentDon’t want throw away equipment