+ Chapter 3 Safety Practices
+ Key Terms Anthrax Antiseptic Asepsis Autoclave Contaminated Disinfectant Pathogen Standard precautions Sterile Transmission-based Precautions
+ Disease Transmission The Infectious Process requires 3 elements Source of microorganisms Susceptible host Patient Other humans Inanimate objects Means of transmission to the host
+ Disease Transmission 5 main methods of transmission Contact Droplet Airborne Common vehicle Water Food Equipment Common vector Mosquitoes Flies Rats Vermin
+ Infections Symptomatic or Asymptomatic General Signs Fever Chills Pain Ache or tenderness General tiredness Night sweats Local Infections Redness Heat Swelling Fluid
+ Isolation Precautions Standard Precautions Applied at all times and all body fluids except perspiration Designed to reduce transmission Transmission-Based Precautions Used for patients with known or suspected infections Used in addition to Standard Precautions 3 categories Airborne Droplet Contact
+ Principles of Asepsis Antiseptic: Inhibit the growth of bacteria, can be used on the skin Disinfectant:Agents that destroy most bacteria and viruses, can be caustic or harmful to the skin; can be accomplish by boiling as well as by using chemical agents Sterile: The removal of all mircoorganisms including viruses and endospores. Can be accomplish with use of an autoclave Handling sterile equipment Maintaining sterile fields Changing dressings Disposing of contaminated materials
+ OBRA Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act Applies to all states and facilities in which nursing assistants are employed Continuing education Periodic evaluation of performance Retraining if nursing assistant does not work in the field for 2 or more yrs Long-term care and home health facilities to provide specific care for residents
+ OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2 functions Establish standards for safety for the workplace To enforce those standards Must prove to that the health standards are economically feasible
+ Body Mechanics The way the body is moved to prevent injury to oneself and to others Knowledge of: Proper body alignment Balance Movement
+ Good Body Mechanics Maintain medical asepsis by using good handwashing techniques and wearing gloves according to standard and transmission-based isolation precautions Identify the patient and explain the procedure Size up the load to be moved, get help if needed Keep a broad base of stance, with feet inches apart Bring the object or patient close before attempting to move
+ Good Body Mechanics Squat by bending at the knees, and keep the back straight Do not lift anything that can be pushed or pulled Turn the body as a unit by pivoting the feet, not turning at the waist.