Buon appetite! A sandwich survey of Altomonte’s Italian Market & Delicatessen By Nicole Cianciarulo, Amanda Hofstaedter & Kaycee Schaefer

About Altomonte’s Altomonte’s is an authentic Italian Market that takes pride in preparing the highest quality food “just like mom used to do at home”. Using “the finest luncheon meats and cheeses”, they create quality sandwiches and hoagies “served on crusty Italian bread” which is baked fresh daily in their own bakery. Location 812 N. Easton Rd Doylestown, PA Ph: Fax: Store Hours Monday 9am-7pm Tuesday 9am-7pm Wednesday 9am-7pm Thursday 9am-7pm Friday 9am-7pm Saturday 9am-6pm Sunday 9am-4pm

Altomonte’s Menu

Overview of Project We want to explore the ordering habits of the customers who eat at Altomonte’s Italian Market. We will collect all of the order slips over a three-day period and randomly select 50 customers from each day to generate our study sample. These slips will provide all customer ordering information, allowing us to easily conduct our tests. We will test for the… Percentage of customers who actually order Italian items Association between the type of meats ordered and the gender of the customer Proportion of male customers who order large sizes compared to female customers Association between the order method and the gender of the customer

Exploratory & Inferential Analysis of Data

ItalianDeluxTurkeyHamBeefTuna SaladChicken SaladOtherTOTAL Male Female TOTAL HOTSteakChicken SteakBeefPorkMeatballChicken CutletOtherTOTAL Male Female TOTAL HOT & COLDHOTCOLDTOTAL Male Female TOTAL SANDWICH SIZELargeSmallTOTAL Male Female TOTAL ORDER SIZE123456TOTAL Male Female TOTAL METHOD OF ORDERHerePick-UpTOTAL Male Female TOTAL PREFERENCEHoagieSandwichTOTAL Male Female TOTAL ITALIAN ITEMSITALIANOTHERTOTAL Male Female TOTAL

1-Proportion Z-Test: Italian Items Ordered Overall, there is a larger percentage of non-Italian items ordered than Italian. Females are very normally distributed, with a nearly equal proportion of the population ordering Italian items to the proportion ordering non- Italian. Males are very slightly skewed, demonstrating a preference towards non-Italian items.

Assumptions State 1.SRS 2.np n(1-p) 3.pop ≥ 10n Check 1.yes 2.187(0.23) 187(1-0.23) 3.pop ≥ 10(187) ≥ 10

Hypothesis Z= = P(z>6.6014)= x Ho: p=0.23 Ha: p>0.23 Calculations Conclusions We reject Ho because our p-value < α = We have sufficient evidence that the true proportion of Italian items ordered is greater than * We chose our null hypothesis assuming that all sandwiches are enjoyed equally. Dividing the three Italian choices (Italian, Delux, and Meatball) by the thirteen offered options in total, the proportion came out to be Based on the results of our 1- Proportion Z Test, we can infer that customers who order from Altomonte’s tend to favor the Italian items on the menu.

2-Proportion Z-Test: Number of Large Hoagies Ordered Overall, there is a greater number of large hoagies ordered than small hoagies. Males had a greater difference in the amount of smalls ordered versus the amount of larges ordered than females. Yet, both gender populations demonstrate a greater interest in larger sized hoagies.

Assumptions State 1.2 ind. SRS 2.n 1 p 1 n 1 (1-p 1 ) n 2 p 2 n 2 (1-p 2 ) 3.pop 1 ≥ 10n 1 pop 2 ≥ 10n 2 Check 1.yes 2.157(0.694) 157( ) 88(0.636) 88( ) 3.pop 1 ≥ 10(157) pop 2 ≥ 10(88) ≥ 10 *1=Male 2=Female ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ

Hypothesis Z= = P(z>0.9272)= Ho: p 1 =p 2 Ha: p 1 >p 2 Calculations Conclusions We fail to reject Ho because our p-value > α = We have sufficient evidence that the true proportion of males who order large hoagies is equal to the proportion of females who order large hoagies. * We chose our alternative hypothesis stating that males would order a greater number of large hoagies compared to females. We chose this because we felt that since males tend to eat more, they would choose a larger sized hoagie than females. Based on the results of our 2- Proportion Z Test, we can infer that customers—no matter if they are male or female—who order from Altomonte’s are more likely to order a large hoagie. *1=Male 2=Female

Chi-Square Test for Association: Cold Cuts vs. Gender Overall, there is a larger percent of females who ordered Italian hoagies compared to the males. Males seemed to have ordered more hoagies categorized as “other” than females. Overall, females seem to have larger percentages in most of the cold cut categories compared to the males.

Assumptions State 1.2 ind. SRS 2.All expected counts ≥ 5 Check 1.Yes 2.Yes

Hypothesis …= P( >6.0375|df=7)= Ho: There is no association btw gender and cold cut. Ha: There is an association btw gender and cold cut. Calculations Conclusions We fail to reject Ho because our p-value > α = We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and cold cut. Based on the results of our chi-square test, we can infer that males and females that order from Altomonte’s show no difference in preference of cold cuts on their hoagies.

Chi-Square Test for Association: Order Method vs. Gender Overall, there is a larger number of customers who placed their order at the store rather than calling it in for pick-up. Males had the large majority of orders that were placed at the store compared to that of females. We believe that the males could have placed more orders while present at the store because perhaps they didn’t plan ahead/were too lazy; unlike the females.

Assumptions State 1.2 ind. SRS 2.All expected counts ≥ 5 Check 1.Yes 2.Yes

Hypothesis …= P( >0.0923|df=1)= Ho: There is no association btw gender and order method. Ha: There is an association btw gender and order method. Calculations Conclusions We fail to reject Ho because our p-value > α = We have sufficient evidence that there is no association between gender and order method. Based on the results of our chi-square test, we can infer that males and females that order from Altomonte’s show no difference in placing their order at the store or over the phone for pick-up.

Bias and Error Orders written down incorrectly Excluding “Other” category in Italian proportion test Using only one Italian deli Restricted to people only in the area

Personal Opinions Data: Males order more large- sized hoagies than females Females order by call and pick-up method more than males Project: Retrieving and analyzing data time consuming process

Conclusion Many people order Italian selections – Given there are three hoagie selections considered “Italian” and ten that are not, Altomonte’s is maintaining its Italian reputation Females order large-sized hoagies just as much as males Gender doesn’t make a difference in cold cut preference Males call in their orders for pick-up just as much as females