THE LEGACY OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN LITERATURE SLOVAKIA

AL ITALIAN LITERATURE

WRITERS  Publius Vergilius Maro 15October 70 BC – 21 September 19 BC  Gaius Julius Caesar July 100 – 15 March 44 BC  Quintus Horatius Flaccus 8December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC  Publius Ovidius Naso 20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18  Marcus Tullius Cicero 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC

PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO 15 October 70 BC – 21 September 19 BC

LIFE LIFE Roman citizen had excellent and expensive education a member of the Roman bar an introvert with poor health

cMaecenas enas Bucolics (The Eclogues) Georgics The Aeneid (The Roman Epic) LITERARY WORK

THE AENEID One of the most important poems in the history of western literature. 12 book heroic epic similar to Homer's The Odyssey Virgil worked on it for 11 years left unfinished at the time of Virgil's death influenced: Dante, Shakespeare, Milton, Spenser,...

AENEAS Aeneas is considered the Prototype of the ideal Roman Ruler A warrior who will lead his people to safety, found a new Trojan state, and establish order in his and his countrymen's lives

LAST YEARS Virgil traveled with Augustus to Greece he caught a fever, he died in Brundisium harbour on September 21st, 19 BC Virgil left instructions that the Aeneid should be burned fortunately it was not burned

GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR July 100 – 15 March 44 BC

BIOGRAPHY INTERESTING FACTS born in July 100 CB into a patrician family at the age of 16 he became a head of his family acclaimed an imperator in 60 and 45 BC he was elected a consul for 59 BC he died on 15 th march 44 BC – he was assassinated full name: Gaius Julius Caesar Roman general, statesman, Consul and author of Latin prose played a critical role in the rise of Roman Empire creator of the Julian calendar one of the greatest military commanders in history

LITERARY WORK ONLY CAESAR’S WAR COMMENTARIES HAVE SURVIVED Poems by Julius Caesar Commentarii de Bello Gallico (The Gallic Wars) Commentarii de Bello Civii (The Civil War) De Bello Alexandrino (On the Alexandrine War) De Bello Africo (On the African war) De Bello Hispanesi (On the Hispanic War)

ASSASSINATION Caesar was brutally assassinated on 15 th March 44 BC around 60 or more men anticipated in the assassination Caesar was stabbed 23 times Last words: “ET TU, BRUTE?” (YOU TOO, BRUTUS?)

FAMOUS QUOTES “ It is easier to find men who will volunteer to die, than to find those who are willing to endure pain with patience.” “I came, I saw, I conquered.” “Experience is the teacher of all things.”

QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCUS 8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC

BIOGRAPHY was a roman poet known only by the name of HORACIUS he lived during the reign of emperor AUGUSTUS his songs are perfect classical pattern he used to praise free time and is famous for his board CARPE DIEM – ENJOY THE DAY influence of horace's poetry was immense

LITERARY WORK EPODI - erotic, civil and celebration of poetry SATURAE - collection of satirical poems CARMINA - is a hymn - worked on them for about seven years - three books

QUOTES,, Nothing is beautiful from all sides’“,, We are only dust and shadow.‘‘,,Seize the day, believing as little as possible in the morrow.‘‘,,I sing for maidens and boys.’’,, Once a word has escaped, it cannot be recalled.‘‘

PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO 20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18

was born in Sulmo (Sulmona) east of Rome Ovid's father wanted him to become a lawyer he was educated in rhetoric in Rome after the his father´s death, he rejected public career and inclined to poetry his first recitation has been dated to around 25 BC, when Ovid was eighteen he married three times and divorced twice Life BIOGRAPHY

Amores ("The Loves") the first collection of poems is a collection in three books of love Poetry Love which the poet teaches is easy, fun and adventure game Critics have seen the poems as extremely playful.

Metamorphoses ("Transformations") Ovid's most ambitious and popular work contains about 12,000 verses, almost 250 different myths the most beautiful place is the myth of the four ages (gold, silver, copper and iron)

„We, people, always strive for the forbidden and wish the impossible„ Ovidius QUOTE

Marcus Tullius Cicero 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC

BIOGRAPHY philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, consul educated in philosophy and rhetoric elected to the Roman consul in 63BC first case in 81BC the most famous case was In Catalinam securing him the title pater patriae ("Father of the Country„)

LITERARY WORK Books Ten books about rhetoric have survived, as well as eight about philosophy Speeches 88 were recorded, 52 survived until now Letters More than 800 letters by Cicero to others exist, and over 100 letters from others to him. CICERO WAS DECLARED A “RIGHTEOUS PAGAN” BY THE EARLY CATHOLIC CHURCH THEREFORE MANY OF HIS WORKS WERE DEEMED WORTHY OF PRESERVATION.

QUOTES “If you have a garden and a library, you have everything you need.” “Friendship improves happiness, and abates misery, by doubling our joys, and dividing our grief.” “Life is nothing without friendship.” “A happy life consists in tranquility of mind.“ “Nobody can give you wiser advice than yourself.““

WHY? BECAUSE... WHY? BECAUSE... PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO AENEID – DANTE, SHAKESPEARE, MILTON GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR THE JULIAN CALENDAR QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCUS CARPE DIEM – ENJOY THE DAY PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO MAGISTER AMORIS MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION