(a) FAO commodity statistics Table 1 Correlation coefficient (r) from Pearson correlation analysis between cumulative salted fish consumption per capita (per kg) and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in Hong Kong, 1978-2008. The cumulative salted fish consumption up to the specified time point was estimated by aggregating annual salted fish consumption per capita estimates in all years prior to that year up to 1978. . (a) Cumulative salted fish consumption per capita was estimated from FAO commodity statistics on fish, dried, salted or smoked. (b) Cumulative salted fish consumption per capita was estimated from Hong Kong trade statistics on dried fish, whether or not salted but not smoked. (a) FAO commodity statistics Year of cumulative salted fish consumption per capita Age-standardized incidence rate Age-standardized mortality rates Male Female 0.897 0.909 0.874 0.904 5 0.919 0.883 0.953 0.916 10 0.927 0.886 0.952 0.925 15 0.962 0.929 0.940 0.914 20 0.937 0.913 All P<0.01 (b) Hong Kong trade statistics Year of cumulative salted fish consumption per capita Age-standardized incidence rate Age-standardized mortality rates Male Female 0.789 0.797 0.723 0.719 5 0.841 0.839 0.835 0.762 10 0.860 0.837 0.880 0.796 15 0.936 0.924 0.933 0.851 20 0.874 0.863 0.929 0.799 All P<0.01

Table 2 Correlation coefficient (r) from Pearson correlation analysis between cumulative cigarette consumption per capita (per stick) and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in Hong Kong. Year of cumulative cigarette consumption per capita Age-standardized incidence rate Age-standardized mortality rates Male Female 0.749 0.773 0.721 0.783 5 0.746 0.669 0.747 0.651 10 0.712 0.657 0.772 0.766 15 0.820 0.759 0.860 0.900 20 0.953 0.916 0.888 0.923 All P<0.01

Table 3 Correlation coefficient (r) from Pearson correlation analysis between cumulative fresh vegetable consumption per capita (per kg) and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates in Hong Kong. Year of cumulative fresh vegetable consumption per capita Age-standardized incidence rate Age-standardized mortality rates Male Female -0.937 -0.939 -0.981 -0.961 5 -0.978 -0.974 -0.972 -0.954 10 -0.985 -0.966 -0.914 15 -0.976 -0.958 -0.927 -0.856 20 -0.935 -0.906 -0.918 -0.829 All P<0.01

Table 4 Beta (β) regression coefficient from multivariate regression analysis of NPC age-standardized incidence and mortality rates on cumulative salted fish (per kg), cigarette (per stick) and fresh vegetable consumption (per kg). Cumulative salted fish consumption per capita was estimated from FAO commodity statistics on fish, dried, salted or smoked. Cumulative Window (Years) Independent Variable Age-standardized incidence rate Age-standardized mortality rates Male Female Salted fish 3.015 1.217 -1.473 -0.264 Smoking 0.002 0.001* Fresh vegetables -0.298* -0.135* -0.212* -0.072* 5 -0.874 -0.469 0.520 0.313 0.002* 0.0005 0.00007 0.0003 -0.083* -0.042* -0.024* -0.009* 10 -0.146 -0.228 0.283 0.234 0.0001 0.00004 -0.00008 -0.039* -0.021* -0.011* -0.002 15 1.556 0.757 0.193 0.513 -0.001 -0.0003 -0.004 0.006 20 -1.842 -0.365 1.152 0.165 0.001 0.0002 -0.036 -0.010 0.013 0.004 * Significant at 0.01 level

Appendix Table 1a Population in Hong Kong aged 5 and over by usual language, 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006 Usual Language 1991 1996 2001 2006 Number % of total Cantonese 4 583 322 88.7 5 196 240 5 726 972 89.2 6 030 960 90.8 Putonghua 57 577 1.1 65 892 55 410 0.9 60 859 Other Chinese Dialects 364 694 7.1 340 222 5.8 352 562 5.5 289 027 4.4 English 114 084 2.2 184 308 3.1 203 598 3.2 187 281 2.8 Others 49 232 1.0 73 879 1.3 79 197 1.2 72 217 Total 5 168 909 100.0 5 860 541 6 417 739 6 640 344

Table 1b Population by nationality in Hong Kong 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006 Number % of total Chinese Place of domicile - Hong Kong 5 191 545 94.0 5 623 467 90.4 6 261 864 93.3 6 374 211 92.9 Place of domicile - other than Hong Kong 48 029 0.9 64 717 1.0 76 898 1.1 86 062 1.3 Filipino 64 658 1.2 120 730 1.9 143 662 2.1 115 349 1.7 Indonesian N.A. 22 057 0.4 54 629 0.8 110 576 1.6 British 68 502 175 395 2.8 25 418 24 990 Indian 14 329 0.3 20 955 16 481 0.2 17 782 Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri-Lankan 12 161 12 181 Thai 11 787 15 993 14 791 16 151 Nepalese 12 379 15 845 Japanese 10 850 19 010 14 715 13 887 American 18 383 28 946 0.5 14 379 13 608 Canadian 15 135 32 515 11 862 11 976 Others 79 063 1.4 93 771 1.5 49 150 0.7 51 728 Total 5 522 281 100.0 6 217 556 6 708 389 6 864 346

China (other than Hong Kong) Table 1c Population by place of birth in Hong Kong 1961-2006 Calendar Year Hong Kong China (other than Hong Kong) Elsewhere Total Number % of total 1961 1 492 887 47.7 1 579 231 50.5 57 530 1.8 3 129 648 100.0 1971 2 218 910 56.4 1 637 840 41.6 79 880 2.0 3 936 630 1976 2 541 730 58.9 1 663 400 38.6 107 580 2.5 4 312 710 1981 2 854 482 57.2 1 973 976 39.6 158 102 3.2 4 986 560 1986 3 203 165 59.4 1 999 185 37.0 193 647 3.6 5 395 997 1991 3 299 597 59.8 1 967 508 35.6 255 176 4.6 5 522 281 1996 3 749 332 60.3 2 096 511 33.7 371 713 6.0 6 217 556 2001 4 004 894 59.7 2 263 571 439 924 6.6 6 708 389 2006 4 138 844 2 298 956 33.5 426 546 6.2 6 864 346