Nouns & Expressions of Quantity Unit 4 Grammar Form & Function Level 3

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on the correct spelling of these REGULAR plural nouns. WRONG bookes Correct – book >> books books WRONG factorys Correct – factory >> factories factories Correct – shelf >> shelves shelves WRONG shelfes Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on “What’s the rule?” to see the grammar. What’s the rule? Add “-s” to most singular nouns to make them plural. books What’s the rule? Change “y” to “i” and add “-es” factories shelves What’s the rule? Change “f” to “v” and add “-es” Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on the correct spelling of these IRREGULAR plural nouns. gooses WRONG geese Correct – goose >> geese mouses WRONG mice Correct – mouse >> mice Correct – child >> children children WRONG childs Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on “What’s the rule?” to see the grammar. What’s the rule? Sometimes change “oo” to “ee” – need to memorize when (ex., boots is a regular noun). geese What’s the rule? Sometimes change the vowels to make it plural – “ou” to “i” (ex., house is a regular noun that changes to houses). mice children Sometimes add a syllable to some nouns – “ren” What’s the rule? Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on the correct spelling of these IRREGULAR plural nouns. serie WRONG Correct – series >> series series sheeps WRONG sheep Correct – sheep >> sheep aircraft Correct – aircraft >> aircraft WRONG aircrafts What’s the rule? Some nouns have the same singular and plural form. Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on the correct spelling of these IRREGULAR plural nouns. Correct – cactus >> cacti cacti cactuses Wrong curricula Correct – curriculum >> curricula curriculums Wrong theses Correct – thesis >> theses thesises Wrong Some nouns come from Latin or Greek and the plural endings come from those languages. What’s the rule? Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on the correct spelling of these IRREGULAR plural nouns. Correct – a pair of jeans >> jeans jeans jeans' Wrong shorts Correct – a pair of shorts >> shorts shortses Wrong economics Correct – economics >> no plural economicses Wrong What are the rules? Some nouns are only plural and some nouns are only singular. Click for next slide.

Regular Plural Nouns vs. Irregular Plural Nouns Click on the correct spelling of these IRREGULAR plural nouns. people Both are correct plurals – we only use “persons” in legal language. persons Both are correct plurals – we only use “persons” in legal language. What’s the rule? The plural of “person” is usually “people,” but we can use “persons” in legal language. Click for next slide.

Possessive Nouns & Possessive Phrases with “Of” Click on the grammatically correct sentences. The woman’s dresses are beautiful. Both are correct – possessives can be in front of plural or singular nouns. The woman’s dress is beautiful. Both are correct – possessives can be in front of plural or singular nouns. Suzy is wearing her mother’s hat. Suzy is wearing her mothers hat. Correct – Add an apostrophe ( ‘ ) + “-s” to singular nouns. Incorrect – need an apostrophe ( ‘ ) Today is my parent’s wedding anniversary. Incorrect – need an apostrophe ( ‘ ) after the plural noun “parents” Today is my parents’ wedding anniversary. Correct – need an apostrophe ( ‘ ) after the plural noun “parents” Click for next slide.

Possessive Nouns & Possessive Phrases with “Of” Click on the grammatically correct sentences. That was Chris’ plan. That was Chris’s plan. Both are correct – for singular nouns that end in “-s” you can add “ ‘s “ or just an apostrophe. Both are correct – for singular nouns that end in “-s” you can add “ ‘s “ or just an apostrophe. That is Kate and Ben’s house. That is Kate’s and Ben’s house. Correct – Add an apostrophe ( ‘ ) + “-s” to the last noun only in a possessive phrase. Incorrect – only need one apostrophe ( ‘ ) The children’ toys are here. Incorrect – need an apostrophe ( ‘ ) + “-s” The children’s toys are here. Correct – need an apostrophe ( ‘ ) + “-s” because “children” does not end in “-s” even though it is plural. Click for next slide.

Possessive Nouns & Possessive Phrases with “Of” Click on the grammatically correct sentences. That’s not my phone. It’s Pete’s phone. That’s not my phone. It’s Pete’s. Both are correct – You can omit the noun after the possessive noun IF the meaning is very clear. Both are correct – You can omit the noun after the possessive noun IF the meaning is very clear. The title of this book is “A Tale of Two Cities.” The book’s title is “A Tale of Two Cities.” Both are correct – With things and locations we can use the “of” possessive phrase or “ ‘s”. Both are correct – With things and locations we can use the “of” possessive phrase or “ ‘s”. The world’s problems are serious. Both are correct – With things and locations we can use the “of” possessive phrase or “ ‘s”. The problems of the world are serious. Both are correct – With things and locations we can use the “of” possessive phrase or “ ‘s”. Click for next slide.

Compound Nouns (a noun) + (a noun) = (a compound noun) **“hair” + “brush” = hairbrush **“can” + “opener” = can opener **“two” + “hour” = two-hour exam Click on the correct spelling. toothbrushes teethbrushes Correct – toothbrush >> toothbrushes Wrong Correct – brother-in-law >> brothers-in-law brothers-in-law Wrong brother-in-laws Form the plural by adding “-s” to the second noun except the “in-law” type. Then add “-s” to the first noun. What are the rules? Click for next slide.

Compound Nouns Click on the correct spelling. two-hour exam Correct – the number makes it plural so you don’t add “-s,” do use a hyphen. two hours exam Wrong What’s the rule? With a number in the compound expression, use a hypen, but do not add an “-s”. Click for next slide.

Count Nouns & Noncount Nouns Count nouns – can be counted Noncount nouns – cannot be separated to count Click on the nouns to see which category they fit. Some words can fit in both categories. rice man crime crime love love weather coffee coffee Count Nouns Noncount Nouns Click for next slide.

Count Nouns & Noncount Nouns Count nouns – can be counted Noncount nouns – cannot be separated to count Click on the squares to see which category they fit. Some can fit in both categories. Can use some/any/many/few/ a few/a lot of Can use some/any/much/little/ a little/a lot of Have ONLY singular form Have singular & plural forms Takes singular OR plural verbs Can use a/an and numbers Always ONLY singular verbs CanNOT use a/an and numbers Count Nouns Noncount Nouns Click for next slide.

“Some” and “Any” Click on the grammatically correct sentences. I don’t have any paper. I have some paper. Both are correct – Use “some” and “any” with plural nouns and noncount nouns Both are correct – Use “some” and “any” with plural nouns and noncount nouns There are some messages for you. There are any messages for you. Correct – Use “some” in positive sentences and “any” in negative sentences usually. Incorrect He never has some time. Incorrect He never has any time. Correct – Use “any” after negative words like “never/seldom/rarely/hardly/ without” Click for next slide.

“Some” and “Any” What’s the difference between these questions? Do we have any cake? Use “any” when you expect a negative answer or don’t know what to expect. Can I have some cake? Use “some” when you expect the answer to be “yes” or you want to influence someone to say “yes.” What does “any” mean in this sentence? You can buy soup at any supermarket. It doesn’t matter at which supermarket you buy soup. Click for next slide.

“Much/Many,” “A Few/A Little,” “Few/Little,” “A Lot Of” Click on the grammatically correct sentences. There are much apples. There are many apples. Wrong Correct – Use “many” with plural count nouns (or “a lot of”) There isn’t much butter. There are many butter. Correct – Use “much” with noncount nouns (or “a lot of”) Incorrect There are few bananas left. Correct – Use “few” with plural count nouns There are little bananas left. Wrong Click for next slide.

“Much/Many,” “A Few/A Little,” “Few/Little,” “A Lot Of” Click on the grammatically correct sentences. We had just as little fun as they did. We had just as much fun as they did. Wrong Correct – Use “much/many” in affirmative sentences after “too/as/so/very” I still have a little work to do. Correct – Use “a little” with noncount nouns -- “a little/ a few” have positive meanings I still have a few work to do. Incorrect I have little work to do. Correct – Use “little” with noncount nouns – “little/few” have negative meanings I have few work to do. Wrong Click for next slide.

Each/Each (One) Of/Every/Every One Of/Both/Both Of/ All/All Of Click on the grammatically correct sentences. She is carrying a bag in each hand. She is carrying a bag in every hand. Correct – Use “each” for two things or people, “every” for three or more Wrong Every student must be on time. << Use “every” to mean “all” – to talk about a group Use “each” when talking about individual items or people >> The teacher called each student’s name. Click for next slide.

Each/Each (One) Of/Every/Every One Of/Both/Both Of/ All/All Of Click on the grammatically correct sentences. Every sisters wore the same clothes. Each one of the sisters wore the same clothes. Wrong Correct – Use “each of” and “every one of” with plural count nouns Every one of answers was correct. Wrong Every one of your answers was correct. Use “the/those/these/your” with plural count nouns Both of movies were good. Wrong Both movies were good. Correct – Use “both” OR “both of the” to talk about two things Click for next slide.

Each/Each (One) Of/Every/Every One Of/Both/Both Of/ All/All Of Click on the grammatically correct sentences. All of the news sounds positive. All of the news sound positive. Correct – Use a singular verb with “all” + noncount noun Wrong All Americans like hamburgers. << Use “all” + noun in a general context Use “all of the” + noun in a specific context >> All of the Americans I know like hamburgers. Click for next slide.