Software Localization Dr. Keiran J. Dunne Institute for Applied Linguistics Lecture 5

Tools for I18n and L10n Internationalization and localization can be facilitated by a number of specialized software tools: Authoring tools Controlled language tools Counting /costing tools Document / version management tools DTP tools Engineering tools (software) Resource extract / find / replace tools Grammar and spelling tools Localization tools Machine translation systems QA / testing / validation tools Project management tools Term extraction tools Terminology management systems Text alignment /comparison tools Text analysis tools Text editors Translation memory systems Workflow management tools

Authoring Tools Software: Software: Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as MS Visual Studio Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as MS Visual Studio Documents: Documents: Traditional: MS Word, Adobe Framemaker, etc. Traditional: MS Word, Adobe Framemaker, etc. XML-based: Arbortext, XMetal, AuthorIT, Madcap Flare, etc. XML-based: Arbortext, XMetal, AuthorIT, Madcap Flare, etc. Publishing: PDF (Adobe Acrobat or proprietary system) Publishing: PDF (Adobe Acrobat or proprietary system) Help (User Assistance): Help (User Assistance): Traditional: MS HTML Help Workshop Traditional: MS HTML Help Workshop Webhelp: Adobe RoboHelp; Webhelp: Adobe RoboHelp; XML/single-souring tools are increasingly used for both docs and Help (i.e., Madcap Flare) XML/single-souring tools are increasingly used for both docs and Help (i.e., Madcap Flare)

Controlled Languages & Computer- Assisted Authoring (CAA) Tools Controlled language: a form of usage restricted by grammar and vocabulary rules Controlled language: a form of usage restricted by grammar and vocabulary rules Controlled Languages + CAA systems = a standardized approach to document authoring (facilitates i18n) Controlled Languages + CAA systems = a standardized approach to document authoring (facilitates i18n) Specialized style checkers, monolingual glossaries and source text memories help internationalize software documents (help, manuals, etc.) Specialized style checkers, monolingual glossaries and source text memories help internationalize software documents (help, manuals, etc.)

Machine Translation MT is only as good as the globalization/i18n strategies of the software publisher: MT is only as good as the globalization/i18n strategies of the software publisher: “Machine translation has not been used widely in the localization industry, and this is largely due to the way in which software publishers develop their documentation” (Esselink, 2000 p. 360).

I18N controlled languages authoring systems software documents help text technical writers L10N localization vendor machine translation dependent

Software Engineering Tools Used by i18n engineering as part of efforts to internationalize the GUI Used by i18n engineering as part of efforts to internationalize the GUI Include IDE and specialized tools for finding, extracting, and sometimes replacing localizable resources (bitmaps, strings, dialogs, menus) Include IDE and specialized tools for finding, extracting, and sometimes replacing localizable resources (bitmaps, strings, dialogs, menus) Note: it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with a few such tools! (Resource Hacker, Resource Tuner, PE Explorer, etc.) Note: it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with a few such tools! (Resource Hacker, Resource Tuner, PE Explorer, etc.)

Example: Extraction Tool Non-internationalized C code: #include main() { int n; char y[5]; printf("This program converts decimal numbers to hexadecimal\n\n"); while(1) { printf("\nEnter decimal number: "); scanf("%d",&n); printf("\nNumber entered is decimal and hexa",n,n); printf("\nDo you want to continue? "); scanf("%s",y); if(strcmp(y,"yes")) { printf("\n exiting..\n"); exit(); }

Extract Strings to Message File #include extern unsigned char *intl_m_msg(), *intl_f_msg(); main() { int n; char y[5]; printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",1)); while(1) { printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",2)); scanf("%d",&n); printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",3),n,n); printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",4)); scanf("%s",y); if(strcmp(y, (intl_m_msg("","mypg",6))) { printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",5)); exit(); } } source.c } mypg.en "This program converts decimal numbers to hexadecimal\n\n" "\nEnter decimal number:" "\nNumber entered is decimal and hexadécimal " "\nDo you want to continue?" "\nexiting..\n" "yes" EXTRACTION TOOL

Translate Extracted Message File #include extern unsigned char *intl_m_msg(), *intl_f_msg(); main() { int n; char y[5]; printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",1)); while(1) { printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",2)); scanf("%d",&n); printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",3),n,n); printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",4)); scanf("%s",y); if(strcmp(y, (intl_m_msg("","mypg",6))) { printf(intl_m_msg("","mypg",5)); exit(); } } source.c } mypg.fr " Ce logiciel convertit les nombres décimaux en hexadécimal\n\n" "\nSaisir le nombre décimal :" "\nLe nombre saisi est en décimal et en hexadécimal" "\nVoulez-vous continuer ?" "\nSortie...\n" "oui" Extract & Translate

I18n controlled languages authoring systems software internationalization tools software documents help text resources technical writers L10n localizable software distribution localization vendor software engineers

Localization Project Management In addition to translators’ tools, l10n vendors use: Project Management software Project Management software Enterprise editions of localization tools (Catalyst) Enterprise editions of localization tools (Catalyst) Document/version management software: to manage and track versions, updates, changes Document/version management software: to manage and track versions, updates, changes Workflow management: to identify where in the system a given piece of work is at a given time Workflow management: to identify where in the system a given piece of work is at a given time

L10n localization project localizable software distribution project management tool localization tool (enterprise) workflow management document / version control translators / localizers project manager localization engineer QA / testing / validation tools

Localization Workflow localizable software distribution translate/ localize deliver localized software extract integrate proofread test proofread edit remediate files/update TM

Localizer/Translator Tools The PM creates localizable distribution for localizers (Catalyst toolkit, Passolo bundle, Word files) The PM creates localizable distribution for localizers (Catalyst toolkit, Passolo bundle, Word files) Localizers use enterprise tools available in translator versions (Alchemy Catalyst Lite Edition, Passolo Translator Edition, SDLX Lite Edition) Localizers use enterprise tools available in translator versions (Alchemy Catalyst Lite Edition, Passolo Translator Edition, SDLX Lite Edition) Localizers also use Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools, including translation memory (TM) and terminology management tools Localizers also use Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools, including translation memory (TM) and terminology management tools

localization project localizable software distribution localization tool (enterprise) translators / localizers project manager localization engineer localization toolkit (distribution) localization tool (translator) translation memory terminology manager

Localization Tools: Advantages L10n tools offer a number of advantages: Edit resources without using an IDE Edit resources without using an IDE Integrate TM and terminology management Integrate TM and terminology management Protect software code that shouldn’t be changed Protect software code that shouldn’t be changed Support workflow functions that integrate with L10n PM (review, sign-off) Support workflow functions that integrate with L10n PM (review, sign-off) The focus is on supporting resource editing of *.rc, *.res, and binary (*.dll, *.exe) resource files. Some tools (Catalyst) will support web page and WinHelp file localization as well.

Widely Used Localization Tools Alchemy Catalyst ( Alchemy Catalyst ( SDL Passolo [formerly PASS Engineering Passolo PASS SOftware LOcalizer] ( en/products/software-localization/sdl-passolo.asp) SDL Passolo [formerly PASS Engineering Passolo PASS SOftware LOcalizer] ( en/products/software-localization/sdl-passolo.asp) Multilizer ( Multilizer ( RC WinTrans ( RC WinTrans ( Visual Localize ( Visual Localize (

Translation Memory A TM is a database containing aligned source- and target-language segments A TM is a database containing aligned source- and target-language segments A TM allows you to leverage previous work and ensure optimum consistency A TM allows you to leverage previous work and ensure optimum consistency TRANSLATION MEMORY Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3, etc.

Localization & TM tools TM tools compare source/target segments and pull segments that meet minimum match criteria TM tools compare source/target segments and pull segments that meet minimum match criteria L10n Tool String 1 String 2 String 3 TM tool compares source segments to contents of TM TM TM pulls & inserts matches into L10n tool

Translation Memory & Localization Localization is usually performed using a translation memory. The decision to use a translation memory has to be made on the basis of volume and repeatability: do you have an expectation of continued commissions from the same client, and of stable domain and text type? A translation memory may be made available to you by the localization vendor. (Relative quality of previous work  TM =two-edged sword.)

The Power of Leveraging 48% of this file’s segments can be leveraged in whole or in part.

Translation Memory and L10n Translation memories are useful in localization because of the short life span of versions / web sites and significant amounts of reusable material. Version 1 Version 2 Version 3 translation memory new version uses 70% same text initial translation with TM tool 30% change latest version uses 80% same text as previous 20% change REUSABILITY / LEVERAGING

TM Tools Widely-used TM tools include: SDL Trados ( SDL Trados ( STAR Transit ( STAR Transit ( Atril Déjà Vu ( Atril Déjà Vu ( Wordfast ( Wordfast (

TM & Terminology Tools (cont.) Term extraction  build termbase Term extraction  build termbase Alignment tool  create a TM from legacy translations not performed using TM tools Alignment tool  create a TM from legacy translations not performed using TM tools TM and termbase may require processing: translators / localizers localization toolkit (distribution) localization tool (translator) translation memory terminology manager term extraction tool text alignment tool

Alignment Alignment : establishing equivalents between a source text and the corresponding target text, segment by segment. Resulting DB = TM Alignment : establishing equivalents between a source text and the corresponding target text, segment by segment. Resulting DB = TM Alignment allows creation of TM from legacy translations carried out without translation support software. Alignment allows creation of TM from legacy translations carried out without translation support software. Alignment requires a considerable amount of manual intervention. Alignment requires a considerable amount of manual intervention. The decision to align, like the decision to use TM, depends on the parameters of a particular project. The decision to align, like the decision to use TM, depends on the parameters of a particular project.

Alignment Legacy source- language document Legacy target – language document (establish segmentation rules) ALIGNMENT EXPORT: TMX file containing aligned segments (TUs)

L10n & Terminology Mgmt. Localization is a specialized, “terminologically dense” form of translation. Localization is a specialized, “terminologically dense” form of translation. Terminology managers are typically used along with TM Terminology managers are typically used along with TM SDL MultiTerm SDL Termbase STAR TermStar SDL Translator’s Workbench SDLX STAR Transit

The Localization Distribution Program files (EXE and DLL) GUI resources (RC and RES) WinHelp (RTF), HTML Help or WebHelp files Embedded graphics (screen captures, splash screens, buttons, etc.) Printed documentation (TXT, DOC, PDF)  DTP