Science Skills Chapter 1

Using Scientific Notation on p 10 Chapter Assignments: Read Chapter 1 in the book and copy the key concepts and their answers in each section. (See Key Concepts at the start of every section then see the study guide on page 28 at the end of the chapter). For each section complete the following Ch. 1 Summary pages in YOUR WORKBOOK:. Section 1 pg 1 and 2 Section 2 pg 3 and 4 Section 3 pg 5 and 6 Section 4 pg 7 and 8 Complete: WordWise on p 9 Using Scientific Notation on p 10 We will go over these in class. They will be due on test day for Ch 1 grades.

We will also do in the book 15/1, 2 20/4-8 25/4 29&30/1-10,15-17,20-22,24,25,30 Consumer lab on pg26

II. Technology – applying science to meet human needs I. Branches of Science Natural Science Life, physical, and earth science are the main branches Physical Science Physics, chemistry, geology II. Technology – applying science to meet human needs

III. Pure Science – continuing the search for new knowledge by experimenting to find out about the world. Scientific theory - an explanation that has been tested by many observations. To be valid, it must allow you to make predictions. Can be changed or replaced when new discoveries are made.

Scientific law – a description of a natural event. Computer models are used to study complicated events and make predictions. IV. Scientific Method – a series of logical or organized steps that is followed in order to solve a problem.

Steps in the Scientific Method Make an observation Ask a question Develop hypothesis Collect data by experimentation to test hypothesis Analyze data and draw conclusions Form a hypothesis Test the hypothesis Make further observations Draw conclusions No experiment is a failure because all experiments are observation of real events.

Equipment V. Equipment used to collect data Meter sticks, thermometer, graduated cylinder Microscope Telescopes Radio telescopes detect the oldest, most distant objects in the solar system.

International System VI. International System (SI) Quantities and base units of measure length – meter temperature – Kelvin mass – kilogram time – second Derived quantities and units electric current – ampere weight – force with which gravity pulls on a quantity of matter – Newton is the unit area – m2 volume – m3

Metric Prefixes Prefixes milli – 1/1000 or 1/103 kilo – 1000 or 103 mega – 1,000,000 or 106 giga – 1,000,000,000 or 109 SEE THE HANDOUT IN YOUR REFERENCE SECTION OF YOUR PORTFOLIO FOR MORE PREFIXES.

Significant Figures VII. Significant figures – determined by the equipment used to collect data. Don’t forget that you have been given a handout about Science and Math that gives more information. Refer to it often!!!! Numbers are read directly from the equipment plus 1 estimated digit. When multiplying several numbers, the number with the least significant digits determines how many digits are written in the answer.

Sample 2.45 cm x 3.0052 cm x 1.004 cm. 2.45 has only 3 significant figures so the answer will also. The answer is 7.39219096. Round to 7.39 cm3.

VIII. Presenting Data Line graphs – best for continuous changes where variable y is plotted vs. variable x showing how a variable responds to changes in another Pie charts – A divided circle, with each “slice” representing a proportional fraction showing how a part relates to the whole Bar graphs - Scaled bars used to represent various measurements comparing a similar set of data

Variables are factors in an experiment that can change Temperature Time Distance

Be able to discuss the following on the TEST: List and explain the steps in the scientific method by using one of the famous discoveries described in the chapter as an example. Why do scientists speak at conferences and write articles in scientific journals? Describe the relationship between science and technology, and give an example of how they are related. What is the single most important laboratory safety rule? Explain why scientists use scientific notation.