The Axial Skeleton Skull Sternum Vertebrae –7 Cervical –12 thoracic –5 lumbar –5 sacral –5 fused coccygeal Ribs During this month, we will cover the bones by system.

Appendicular Skeleton Upper Extremity Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals –Metacarpals –Phalanges Pectoral Girdles Clavicle Scapula Lower Extremity Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Pelvic Girdles Os Coxae (Innominate bone) – Ilium – Ischium – Pubis

Bone Terminology Elevations (from most-least prominent) –Crests –Lines –Ridges

Bone Terminology Tuberosity and Tubercle: roughened, elevated, rounded projections in bone Spine: long, sharp projection

Bone Terminology Articulation Structures or surfaces –Facet: “little face” –Condyle: rounded projection –Epicondyle: condyle above another condyle

Bone Terminology Depressions –Fossa (broad and shallow) –Pits or fovea (small) –Groove or sulcus (long and shallow) –Foramen (a perforating hole) –Meatus or Canal (a tube or covered area)

Sternal end, conoid tubercle, acromial end CLAVICLE

SCAPULA Superior border Lateral (axillary) border Medial (vertebral) border Inferior angle Superior angle

Acromion Spine Infraspinous fossa Supraspinous fossa SCAPULA

Subscapular fossa Scapular notch Coracoid process Acromion Glenoid fossa

Coracoid process Acromion Glenoid fossa SCAPULA Infraglenoid tubercle

Surgical neck Anatomical neck Head HUMERUS

Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertuburcular groove HUMERUS

To see which tubercle is larger, look at it head-on Lesser tubercle Greater tubercle

Deltoid Tuberosity HUMERUS

Capitulum Trochlea Medial epicondyle Radial fossa Coronoid fossa HUMERUS Medial Supracondylar ridge HUMERUS Lateral Supracondylar ridge Lateral epicondyle

Olecranon fossa HUMERUS

Olecranon process Semilunar notch Coronoid process Radial notch ULNA

Styloid process ULNA Head

RADIUS Head Radial tuberosity Neck

Ulnar notch Styloid process RADIUS

Styloid process Ulnar notch

First Metacarpal Fifth Metacarpal Proximal phalanx, 1 st digit Distal phalanx, 1 st digit Intermediate phalanx, 4 th digit

Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate LunateHamate TriangularPisiform Scaphoid LEFT HAND, DORSAL VIEW

Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate TriangularPisiform Lunate Scaphoid LEFT HAND, DORSAL VIEW

Pisiform Triangular Proximal, intermediate, distal phalanx Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Scaphoid Lunate RIGHT HAND, VENTRAL VIEW