Skeletal organization Axial Skeleton Skull Hyoid bone Vertebral column Thorax Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral girdle Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs
Axial Skeleton Longitudinal axis of body 80 bones Strong restricted movement
Functions of Axial Skeleton Support and protect organs Attach to muscles that support head, neck, and trunk Attach to breathing muscles Attach to muscles of appendicular skeleton
Bones associated with skull 8 cranial bones 14 facial bones Bones associated with skull 6 auditory Hyoid bone Vertebral Column 24 vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx (tail bone) Thoracic Cage 24 ribs Sternum
The skull
The skull 22 bones of the skull Infantile Skull 8 cranial bones Encloses and protects the brain Provide attachment for muscles Air-filled sinuses to reduce weight 14 facial bones 7 Associated Bones Infantile Skull Incompletely developed Fontanels: soft spots that aid for birth
The Skull Bones: CRANIUM 8 Cranial bones Occipital Foramen magnum Parietal 2- Right and Left Frontal Temporal 2-Right and left Mastoid Process Sphenoid Ethmoid
The Skull Bones: SUTURES OF THE CRANIUM 8 Cranial bones Coronal Suture Mid-Sagittal Suture Lambdoidal Suture Squamous Suture
The Skull Bones: FACIAL 14 Facial bones 2 each for the following (Rt/Lt): Maxilla Palatine Nasal Inferior Nasal Concha Zygomatic Lacrimal 1 of the following: Mandible Vomer
The Skull Bones: ASSOCIATED BONES 6 Auditory ossicles Found within temporal bone External Auditory Canal Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup) 1 Hyoid bone
The vertebral column
The vertebral column Stretches from skull to pelvis Composed of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs Cervical (C1-C7) Smallest of all Comprise the neck Atlas Axis Thoracic (T1-T12) Articulate with the ribs Lumbar (L1-L5) Largest of all Support the weight of the body Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx
5 regions of Vertebral Column
Vertebrae Components Scoliosis Kyphotic Lordosis
General Vertebral Anatomy
Different vertebrae
Sacrum and Coccyx
Thoracic cage
Thoracic cage 12 total ribs Ribs 7 true rubs 5 false ribs Directly articulate with the sternum 5 false ribs Do not articulate with the sternum 2 are floating
Function of Thoracic Cavity Protection of heart, lungs, and others Attachment of muscles for respiration, vertebral column, pectoral girdle, and upper limbs
Thoracic cage Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process Anterior midline of thoracic cage 3 parts Manubrium Body Xiphoid process
Sternum Manubrium Articulates with collar Bone and first rib Attaches to ribs 2-7 Attaches to diaphragm and an abdominal muscle
Angle Tubercle Neck Head (Vertebral end) Tubercular Body Sternal End (attaches to Costal Cartilage)