Topic :Intro to Organic Chemistry – hydrocarbons and isomers Do Now: read p.2 – amazing carbon

Organic chemistry = carbon compounds (except oxides, carbides C + element that is less electronegative), & carbonates)

Bonding Capacity H can form only 1 bond The halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) form only 1 bond O and S like to form 2 bonds N and P form 3 bonds C form 4 bonds

Why so many C compounds? Carbon atoms can bond with other carbon atoms in chains, rings, and networks covalentBonds are covalent

Lewis Diagram of C C Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons so it can form 4 covalent bonds

molecular Properties of Covalent Substances (also called molecular substances) Low melting points, low boiling points Poor conductors of heat & electricity May be soft or brittle Generally nonpolar –van der Waals forces Tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents React more slowly than ionic compounds

Increasing in Size = Increasing IMF = increasing BP/MP

Chemical Formulas show kind & # of atoms CH 2 Cl 2 CH 4 CH 3 OH CH 3 Cl

Structural Formulas show kind & # of atoms show bonds 2-D picture

Structural Formulas single line (–) represents one pair of electrons (a single bond) double line (=)represents two pairs of electrons (a double bond) ● triple line (  )represents three pairs of electrons (a triple bond)

Condensed Structural Formula shows kind & # of atoms shows some structural information, but not all details structural formula: H H H CCC H–C–C–C–H H H H CCC Condensed structural formula: CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

We will be looking at 3 Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons: organic compounds containing only C and H Homologous series = group of compounds with related structures & properties –molecules have fixed, numerical relationship among # of atoms See table Q

Isomers Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural arrangement The more C atoms there are the more isomers can have (more possible ways to arrange atoms)

Isomers Different structures, different physical and chemical propertiesDifferent structures, different physical and chemical properties

NOT ISOMER IF… They have the same name If can rotate/flip one to look like the other

? same