Organic Chemistry

What is Organic chemistry? Historical “Organic” – derived from living organisms Compounds such as sugar, urea, starch Vitalism: natural products needed a “VitalForce” to create them Wöhler (1828) synthesis of urea Inorganic Organic

Organic Chemistry Today The study of compounds and reactions involving carbon, regardless of source (Kekulé, 1861) Organic Chemistry: The chemistry of carbon and carbon-based compounds

Why should we care? Biochemistry Pharmaceuticals Industry Polymers Explosives

Organic Chemistry in everyday life: Smells & tastes: fruits, chocolate, fish, mint Medications: Aspirin, Tylenol, Decongestants, Sedatives Addictive substances: Caffeine, Nicotine, Alcohol, Narcotics Hormones/Neurotransmitters: Adrenaline, Epinephrine Food/Nutrients: Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat, Vitamins Genetics: DNA, RNA Consumer products: Plastics, Nylon, Rayon, Polyester

Organic Molecules

the brain dopamine

Synaptic neurotransmission Dopamine neuron Target Neurons terminal dendrite cell body axon postsynaptic receptor presynaptic dopamine transporter vesicles tyrosine l-dopa synapse

a neurotransmitter present in the brain Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain a space filling model

a neurotransmitter present in the brain Dopamine a neurotransmitter present in the brain nitrogen hydrogen oxygen carbon a ball and stick model

Dopamine

Dopamine. Dash Molecular formula two lines = 4 electrons one line = 2 electrons Condensed molecular formula = C8H11NO2

Dopamine. Line-Angle Molecular formula all nodes are carbon add hydrogens until there are 4 bonds to each carbon atom

Both structures represent the molecule dopamine but the bottom structure is simpler to draw.

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Chemical Formulae Empirical formula Molecular formula Example: Smallest integer ratio between atoms of different types in a molecule. Molecular formula Actual number of atoms of each type in a molecule. Example: Ethene (C2H4) and cyclohexane (C6H12) both have the empirical formula (CH2)

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O2

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O2 13

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O2 13

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O2 13 18

Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics Ibuprofen is the active ingredient in a number of analgesics. The structure of ibuprofen is given below. What is the molecular formula of ibuprofen? C H O2 13 18

The three dimensional nature of molecules, such as ibuprofen, is fundamental to all of their properties including biological behavior. C H O2 13 18

Bonding and Molecular Structure Structural formulas of organic compounds structural formula condensed formula line-angle formula

Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds in a condensed formula.

Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula Draw the first two compounds in a bond-line formula. Draw the second two compounds in a condensed formula. Click on the arrow to check your answer.

Petroleum products Petroleum products and the ranges of hydrocarbons in each product