Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells.

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the structural and functional units of living things.

Cellular organization Organisms can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (many cells). Levels of organization:

How do we look at cells? Microscopes help us see cells. Compound light microscopes will be used in class. Know the parts and functions! Ocular lens (eyepiece) Stage Objectives (4X, 10X, 40X) Course adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Total magnification is determined by multiplying the magnification power of the eyepiece x the magnification power of the objective.

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Ex. Plants and animals Ex. Bacteria Prokaryote: Small (not complex) No nucleus (place to hold DNA) No membrane bound organelles (little compartments inside) Cell wall Eukaryote: Large (complex) Nucleus (place to hold DNA) Membrane bound organelles (little compartments inside) Animals – no cell wall Plants – cell wall

Plant cell vs. animal cell Unique parts: Chloroplasts Large central vacuole Cell wall Unique part: Centrioles

Cell parts – Cell wall Supports and protects the cell. Plant cell wall made of cellulose (polysaccharide). Fungi cell wall made of chitin (polysaccharide). Bacteria cell wall made of peptidoglycan (polysaccharide and protein). Who has a cell wall?

Cell parts - Nucleus Control center of the cell Holds the DNA. Nucleolus makes ribosomes. nuclear envelope outer membrane inner membrane nucleolus chromatin nuclear pores nucleoplasm ER lumen ribosome endoplasmic reticulum SEM of freeze-fractured nuclear envelope Who has a nucleus?

Cell parts – Endomembrane system Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): transports proteins. Golgi apparatus: packages and ships proteins. rough ER smooth ER transport vesicle transport vesicle lysosomes Golgi apparatus secretory vesicle incoming vesicle Who has an endomembrane system?

Cell parts - Ribsosome Ribosomes make proteins. Located in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough ER. Look like tiny dots in pictures. Who has ribosomes?

Cell parts - Mitochondria Mitochondria- makes energy (ATP) for the cell through a process called cellular respiration. outer membrane Why is the inner membrane folded? double membrane inner membrane carbon dioxide water energy (ATP) glucose oxygen matrix cristae Who has mitochondria?

Cell parts - Chloroplast Chloroplasts make sugar via photosynthesis. outer membrane double membrane inner membrane granum stroma thylakoid space thylakoid membrane thylakoid Who has chloroplasts?

Cell parts – Remember! All cells have! Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA Ribosomes