Blood Notes

Essential Question Why is blood essential for the body and how does it promote homeostasis?

Functions of the Blood: Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to all your body cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from your body cells into your blood. Your blood caries carbon dioxide to your lungs to be exhaled Blood carries waste products from your cells to your kidneys to be removed.

Function of the Blood Blood transports nutrients and other substances to your body cells. Cells and molecules in blood fight infections and help heal wounds.

Types of the Blood: Type Function or Job Lifetime Red Blood Cells carry oxygen to cells carry carbon dioxide to the lungs 100-120 days White Blood Cells fight infections, break down dead cells 3 days Platelets help blood to clot, or thicken 7-10 Days Plasma carries red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other necessary things for your body N/A

B. Agglutination: The clumping of blood cells after a transfusion. II. Vocabulary terms A. Blood Clotting: Clotting is the solidification of blood in a process known as coagulation. A blood clot consists of a plug of platelets enmeshed in a network of insoluble fibrin. B. Agglutination: The clumping of blood cells after a transfusion.

C. ANTIBODIES: Proteins that destroy or neutralize substances that do not belong in or are not part of your body. Because if these antibodies, certain blood types cannot be mixed. This limits the blood transfusion possibilities.

C. ANTIBODIES: C. Antibodies - form in blood after birth. Blood Types Antibodies A Anti B B Anti A AB None O Anti A, Anti B

D. Antigen Molecules on red blood cells that mark the RBC. Types A, B, and AB have chemical identification tags called antigens on their red blood cells. Type O blood has no antigens. Each blood type also has specific antibodies in its plasma.

D. Antigen Blood Types are based on: Antigens found on RBC Blood Type Antigen A A B B AB A, B O None

E. Blood Transfusion: During a blood transfusion a person receives donated blood or parts of blood. The medical provider must be sure that the right type of blood is given. If the wrong type of is given, the red blood cells will clump together. Then clots form in the blood vessels and the person could die.

Blood Transfusion Possibilities

F. Rh Blood Group A. First discovered in the 1. Rhesus Monkey B. Contains the D antigen on the RBC 1. Have the D antigen = Rh+ 2. No D antigen = Rh-

F. Rh Blood Group A. First discovered in the 1. Rhesus Monkey B. Contains the D antigen on the RBC 1. Have the D antigen = Rh+ 2. No D antigen = Rh-

C. Erythroblastosis fetalis 1. Destruction of RBC in the fetus. 2. How does this occur? A. Mom has to be Rh- B. Baby Rh + Only comes if introduced to the D antigen.

C. Erythroblastosis fetalis The first child is usually not affected. Normally, mom will not have any Anti D antibodies in her blood. When baby is born, a little of its blood gets into mom. She begins to make Anti D antibodies. She has a 2nd baby. The Anti D antibodies now pass from mom’s body to baby.

C. Erythroblastosis fetalis Baby’s RBC are being destroyed. Can kill baby. Any other Rh+ babies will probably be affected. Doesn’t occur much today - mothers are monitered.

Diseases in the Blood

Anemia Disease of the red blood cells. Body tissue cannot get enough oxygen and are unable to carry their usual activities. Causes include, loss of large amounts of blood, diet lacking iron, or certain vitamins, or a side effect of treatment for a disease.

Sickle-cell Anemia An inherited form of anemia disease. The individual has misshaped red blood cells. The sickle-cell shaped cells clog the capillaries and oxygen cannot reach tissues served by the capillaries, and waste cannot be removed.

Leukemia A disease in which one or more types of white blood cells are made in excessive numbers. These cells are immature and do not fight infections well. They fill the bone marrow and crowd out the normal cells. Medicines, blood transfusions, and bone marrow transplants are used to treat this disease.

Hemophilia: Hemophilia: People with hemophilia bleed longer because their blood does not clot well. Their plasma lacks one of the clotting factors that begins the clotting process. Without treatment a person with severe hemophilia will bleed to death. They inject themselves with purified clotting factors to prevent or stop bleeding episodes.) A genetic condition that affects about 1 in 4,000 males.

Homeostasis (1) The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions (biology online)

Inability to maintain homeostasis may lead to death or a disease. For instance; diabetes (inability to regulate glucose levels in blood, and insulin is secreted less by the pancreas), dehydration, gout, hypoglycemia, heart failure, and