Energy & Atmosphere

Hydroelectric Water Use (USGS): Energy & Atmosphere: Renewable Energy

Micro-Hydro Energy - Used to generate electricity (using kinetic energy to rotate turbines).

Geothermal Resource (USDOE): Energy & Atmosphere: Renewable Energy

Geothermal Energy - Used to generate electricity (using heat energy to rotate turbines).

Energy & Atmosphere: Prerequisites & Credits EAC 1Optimize Energy Performance 19 EAC 2On Site Renewable Energy, 2.5, 7.5, 12.5%7 EAC 3Enhanced Commissioning2 EAC 4Enhanced Refrigerant Management2 EAC 5Measurement and Verification3 EAC 6Green Power2 EAPr 1Fundamental Bldg Systems CommissioningReq EAPr 2Minimum Energy PerformanceReq EAPr 3Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementReq LEED New Construction 3 Prerequisites, 35 points

Energy & Atmosphere: Prerequisites & Credits EAC 1Optimize Energy Performance 19 EAC 2On Site Renewable Energy, 2.5, 7.5, 12.5%7 EAC 3Enhanced Commissioning2 EAC 4Enhanced Refrigerant Management1 EAC 5Measurement and Verification2 EAC 6Green Power2 EAPr 1Fundamental Bldg Systems CommissioningReq EAPr 2Minimum Energy PerformanceReq EAPr 3Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementReq LEED for Schools 3 Prerequisites, 33 points

Energy & Atmosphere: Prerequisites & Credits EAPr 1Fundamental Bldg Systems CommissioningReq EAPr 2Minimum Energy PerformanceReq EAPr 3Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementReq LEED Core and Shell 3 Prerequisites, 37 points EAC 1Optimize Energy Performance EAC 2On Site Renewable Energy, 2.5, 7.5, 12.5%4 EAC 3Enhanced Commissioning2 EAC 4Enhanced Refrigerant Management2 EAC 5.1Measurement and Verification (Base Bldg)3 EAC 5.2Measurement and Verification (Tenant Submetering) 3 EAC 6Green Power2

Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems Intent: Verify that the building’s energy-related systems are installed, calibrated and perform according to the owner’s project requirements, basis of design, and construction documents.

Benefits of Commissioning: Reduced energy use Lower operating costs Reduced contractor callbacks Better building documentation Improved occupant productivity Verification of the system performance Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems

Commissioning Timeline: Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems 1)Hire CxA early in the design process. 2)Owner documents OPR. Design team develops BOD. CxA reviews both documents. 3)Develop and incorporate commissioning requirements into construction documents. 4)Develop and implement commissioning plan. 5)Verify installation and performance of commissioned systems. 6)Complete summary commissioning report.

Commissioning must cover all energy-related systems, including: Heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems and associated controls Lighting controls, including daylighting Domestic hot water systems Renewable energy systems Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems

Who is eligible to do the work? Qualified individuals with a high level of experience in the following areas: Energy systems design, installation and operation Cx planning and process management Hands-on field experience with energy systems performance, interaction, start-up, balancing, testing, troubleshooting, operation, and maintenance procedures Energy systems automation control knowledge Although not required, it is preferable to hire an independent 3 rd party to perform the commissioning. Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems

Intent: Begin the commissioning process early during the design process (prior to CDs) and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed. Additional activities include reviewing contractor submittals, developing systems manual and reviewing building operation within 10 months, in addition to others. Enhanced Commissioning

The commissioning prerequisite can be one of the largest first-cost hurdles of LEED certification. However, according to the National Institute of Building Sciences, organizations that have researched commissioning claim that owners can achieve savings in operations of $4 over the first five years of occupancy as a direct result of every $1 invested in commissioning—an excellent return on investment. Tips from the Pros

Intent Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems. Minimum Energy Performance

Requirements: Design the building to meet ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1, including the mandatory provisions AND either: the prescriptive requirements (checklist): OR the performance requirements (energy model). Minimum Energy Performance

WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION (OR ENERGY MODELING) Demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance compared to the baseline building performance. Optimize Energy Performance

Energy Modeling: Five energy simulation runs using the Performance Rating Method per ASHRAE 90.1 One is the proposed design simulation Four are the baseline design simulations, each rotated to a different building orientation This approach gives projects credit for better solar orientation and penalizes worse solar orientation Optimize Energy Performance

Prescriptive Compliance Paths: 1)ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings 2006 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self Storage Buildings )Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide Available only for OFFICE BUILDINGS under 20,000 SF: Comply with the prescriptive measures of the Optimize Energy Performance

Intent: Reduce ozone depletion Requirements: Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new HVAC&R systems. When reusing existing HVAC equipment, complete a CFC phase-out prior to project completion. Fundamental Refrigerant Management

Intent: Further reduce ozone depletion while minimizing contributions to global warming. Enhanced Refrigerant Management

Strategies: Do not use refrigerants. Select refrigerants and HVAC&R that minimize ozone depletion and global warming. Select HVAC&R equipment with reduced refrigerant charge and increased equipment life. Maintain equipment to prevent refrigerant leakage. Through calculations, show that the refrigerants shall comply with a maximum threshold for the combined contributions to ozone depletion and global warming potential. Do not use CFCs, HCFCs or Halons in fire suppression systems. Enhanced Refrigerant Management

For ODP, Chloro is bad: CFCChlorofluorocarbons (worst) HCFCHydrochlorofluorocarbons (bad) HFCHydrofluorocarbons (good) Natural (CO2, NH3, Propane) (best) For GWP, 23 is bad, then CFC’s: HFC-23 (worst) CFC-(all) (bad) But, HCFC-123 is good, since it has a very low GWP and is a very effective refrigerant (less electricity consumed). Enhanced Refrigerant Management

On-Site Renewable Energy Intent: Encourage on-site renewable energy.

Question What are some on-site renewable energy systems? One Type of Solar Thermal Array: Photo:

Question What are some on-site renewable energy systems? Answer: Photovoltaic Solar thermal Wind Geothermal (heat & electric) Low-impact hydro electric Wave & tidal systems Bio-fuel based electric (waste-based)

Ground source heat pumps (systems commonly called “geo-thermal” in this region) are not eligible for this credit, because they are only an energy efficiency measure. However, true geothermal systems qualify (utilizing volcanic heat from within the earth). Also, for on-site renewable electric systems, take advantage of net metering (spinning your electric meter backward). Tips from the Pros

Intent: Provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. Strategies: Develop an M&V Plan to evaluate building and/or energy system performance. Referenced standard: International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol [IPMVP] Volume III April Measurement & Verification

Strategies: Install the necessary metering equipment to measure energy use. Track performance by comparing predicted performance to actual performance. Evaluate energy efficiency by comparing actual performance to baseline performance. Measurement & Verification

Green Power Green POWER!!!

Referenced Standard: Center for Resource Solutions: Green-e Certification. Potential Technologies and Strategies: Determine the electricity needs of the building and investigate opportunities to engage in a green power contract. Visit: for more infowww.green-e.org Green Power

Renewable Energy Credits (RECs) may be purchased in place of Green Power. (many providers) Green Power

Energy and Atmosphere: Prerequisites & Credits EAPr 1Energy Efficiency Best Management PracticesRequired EAPr 2Minimum Energy Efficiency PerformanceRequired EAPr 3Fundamental Refrigerant ManagementRequired EAC 1Optimize Energy Efficiency Performance18 EAC Existing Building Commissioning6 EAC Performance Measurement3 EAC 4Renewable Energy6 EAC 5Refrigerant Management1 EAC 6Emissions Reduction Reporting1 LEED EB O&M 3 Prerequisites, 35 points

LEED EBOM Energy Efficiency Best Management Practices Intent: Promote continuity of building systems information, provide a foundation for training and system analysis, and allow for a feedback loop for all actions taken. Strategies: Document how the systems operate and develop preventative maintenance plans for the equipment. Train personnel & maintain equipment. Conduct an energy audit: ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers) Level 1 Walk-through assessment.

LEED EBOM Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance Intent: Establish the minimum level of operating energy efficiency performance for the building systems. Most projects use ENERGY STAR to document this credit; a minimum score of 69 is required. (19% better than the average)

LEED EBOM Optimize Energy Efficiency Performance Intent: Further enhance the energy efficiency performance for the building systems (higher ENERGY STAR rating).

LEED EBOM Optimize Energy Efficiency Performance Technologies and Strategies: 1.Commence retro/existing building commissioning. 2.Implement energy saving retrofits and procedures to help trim energy use.

LEED EBOM Existing Building Commissioning Commissioning Investigation Implementation Ongoing

LEED EBOM Existing Building Commissioning: Commissioning Investigation Implementation Ongoing Develop retro-commissioning, re-commissioning or ongoing commissioning plans. Document breakdown of building’s energy use. Identify capital improvements that provide a reasonable payback timeline.

LEED EBOM Existing Building Commissioning Ensure that the building’s major energy-using systems are repaired, operated and maintained effectively to optimize energy performance. Commissioning Investigation Implementation Ongoing

LEED EBOM Existing Building Commissioning Use commissioning to address changes in facility occupancy and use, as well as part of general maintenance and repair. Commissioning Investigation Implementation Ongoing

LEED EBOM Performance Measurement Strategies: Install a Building Automation System (BAS) that controls the HVAC system, lighting, and other major energy component in the building. Install sub-meters to measure system energy consumption. Use the BAS and sub-meters to gather performance information andflag high energy-consuming systems.

LEED EBOM On-Site and Off-Site Renewable Energy

LEED EBOM Refrigerant Management A third party audit may be used to confirm that it is not economically feasible (over 10-year payback) to eliminate non-complying refrigerants.

Requirements: Identify parameters to reduce conventional energy use and emissions. Track and record emissions reductions. Report emissions reductions using a third party (e.g., EPA Climate Leaders, ENERGY STAR or WRI/WBCSD protocols). LEED EBOM Emissions Reduction Reporting

Questions?

Session 1: LEED Green Associate Training: Introduction to Green Building, LEED and Managing a LEED Project Session 2: LEED Green Associate Training: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency and Energy and Atmosphere Session 3: LEED Green Associate Training: Materials & Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, Construction & Operations, and LEED Referenced Standards Agenda