Chapter 6 : Transition and Transfer predicates Presented by: Lulu Nuradilla Syifa Qoniatunnisa

Transition Express the going or coming from one place to another. Predicates of transition: The bus goes from Greenville to Stratford. Carlo came to this country from Italy. Others express the moving of something from one place to another. Predicates of transfer: 3. Fenwick drives the bus from Greenville to Strarford. 4. Jane rowed the boat from one side of the river to the other.

Predicates of transfer: Transfer includes putting and removing: 5. Squirrels are stashing nuts in that oak tree. 6. Thieves stole some money from the cash box. And giving and taking away: 7. Ronnie gave Rosie some frlowers. 8. The accident deprived Alex of his livelihood. Communicating something to someone through language is also a form of transfer: 9. Mother told the children a story. 10. Agnes is writing her mother a letter.

Sentence 1 tells of the movement of an inanimate object from one place, the source, to another place, the goal. Sentence 2 is similar in role structure, except that the entity moving in animate.

In English the source is most often indicated by from and the goal by to, as here, and they occur in either order. 11a He emerged from the dark cellar into the bright sunlight. 11b He plunged from the bright sunlight into the dark cellar. A sentence may express a Path, a place or area between the Source and Goal. 12 The bus goes from Greenville to Stratford by way of Compton. theme source goal path 13 The boat drifted over the water from one place to another. theme source goal path

To generalize, sentences with transition verbs have this argument structure: The verb go in sentence one can be represented on a time frame like this: go Time 0 Time + Theme at Source Theme at Goal 14. The driveway extends from the street to the garage. The predicate extend as they are used here, is verb of pseudo-transition. The time frame for a predicate extend: extend Time Theme at Source and Goal

15. Harrison return to his hometown from the big city. return Time - Time 0 Time + Theme at Goal Theme at Source Theme at Goal Focus on Goal: Focus on Manner: - Get - Creep - Come - Rotate - Go - Gallop Focus on Path: Focus on Cause and Purpose: Drift - Escape Float - Emigrate Fall - Immigrate

Transfer 16. Fenwick drives a bus from Greenville to Stratford by way of Compton. agent theme source goal path Fenwick bus Greenville Stratford Compton 17. The King banished the rebels from his realm (to another land). agent affected source goal These are shown on the timescales below. Drive Time 0 Time + Agent and Theme at Source Agent and Time at Goal Banish Time 0 Time + Theme at Source Theme at Goal

Acts that change location of both Agent and Theme are the following: Focus on Manner: Focus on Goal: - Drive - Bring - Convey - Take - Haul - Drag Focus on Aspect (involving some relation of time): - Restore

Acts that change location of theme only are expressed in the following verbs: Focus on Goal: Focus on Source: - Push - Expel - Pull - Evict Focus on Path: - Throw - Lift - Raise - Drop - Lower

We spread a red carpet from the sidewalk to the door. (place X) (place Y) Source Goal 19. The court restored the property to its lawful owner (from one who was not the lawful owner). restore Time - Time 0 Time + Theme at Goal Theme at Source Theme at Goal 20. The judge sentenced the convicted man to jail. 21. Our school awarded the trophy to Mille [awarded Millie the trophy]. The verb in sentence 21 has this argument structure, illustrated here for award: award agent=source theme goal

Here is a group of verbs that occur as predicates in sentences with this structure: - Give - Grant - Award - Hand - Bequeath - Lend - Bestow - Lose - Contribute - Sell - Donate - Submit - Entrust

22. Millie accepted the trophy from our school. The argument structure of verbs such as those in the number 22 is illustrated here with accept: accept goal theme source Typical verbs that fit here are: Get * Collect Take * Inherit Accept * Obtain Acquire * Receive Borrow * Steal

23. This gift is for you from your fellow team members 23 . This gift is for you from your fellow team members. If there is no verb-only forms of be-for introduces the goal. for theme goal source A few predicates, most notably march and walk, occur with meanings of transition (24a and 25a) and meanings of transfer (24b and 25b). 24a The platoon marched to the parade-ground. 25b The sergeant marched the platoon to the parade-ground. 24a Laura walked home. 25b Fred walked Laura home.

24a, 25a: march, walk actor goal platoon parade ground Laura home 24b, 25b: march, walk agent actor goal sergeant platoon parade-ground Fred Laura home

Some transfer predicates undergo interesting changes in the way the accompaying arguments are presented. Compare load and pack in the following. 26a We loaded lumber on(to) the truck. 26b We loaded the truck with lumber. 27a I packed some notes in(to) my briefcase. 27b I packed my briefcase with some notes. Sentences 25a and 26a tell of putting something in a place; that ‘something’ is affected by the action. actor action affected place 26a we load lumber truck 27a I pack notes briefcase actor action affected means 26b we load truck lumber 27b I pack briefcase notes

Summary The thematic structure, or role structure, of a predicate is clearly related to its meaning, and predicates with similar meanings have similar thematic structure. Predicates of transition have arguments in the roles of theme or actor, source, goal, and path. Predicates of transfer have the same argument roles plus and agent.