Accounting for Publicly Held Corporations Making Accounting Relevant Public corporations publish their operating results each year. Making Accounting Relevant Public corporations publish their operating results each year. Discuss the possible locations where one might find the financial reports for corporations.

Section 1Publicly Held Corporations What You’ll Learn  The characteristics of a corporation.  How to record the issue of capital stock. What You’ll Learn  The characteristics of a corporation.  How to record the issue of capital stock.

Why It’s Important Accounting for corporations differs from accounting for other forms of business, especially when making entries to the capital accounts. Why It’s Important Accounting for corporations differs from accounting for other forms of business, especially when making entries to the capital accounts. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Key Terms  closely held corporation  publicly held corporation  board of directors  authorized capital stock  par value  common stock  proxy  preferred stock  paid-in capital in excess of par Key Terms  closely held corporation  publicly held corporation  board of directors  authorized capital stock  par value  common stock  proxy  preferred stock  paid-in capital in excess of par Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Publicly Held Corporations A publicly held corporation is one whose stock is widely held, has a large market, and is usually traded on the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Characteristics of a Corporation  Legal Permission to Operate  Separate Legal Entity  Stockholders  Professional Management  Legal Permission to Operate  Separate Legal Entity  Stockholders  Professional Management Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Stockholders’ Equity Corporations report stock- holders’ equity in two parts: Stockholders’ Equity Corporations report stock- holders’ equity in two parts:  the equity that is paid into the corporation by stockholders  the equity earned by the corporation and retained in the business  the equity that is paid into the corporation by stockholders  the equity earned by the corporation and retained in the business Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Capital Stock  The maximum number of shares a corporation may issue is called its authorized capital stock.  The amount assigned to each share is referred to as par value, the per-share dollar amount printed on the stock certificates.  The maximum number of shares a corporation may issue is called its authorized capital stock.  The amount assigned to each share is referred to as par value, the per-share dollar amount printed on the stock certificates. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Common Stock The owners of common stock participate in the corporation as follows: Common Stock The owners of common stock participate in the corporation as follows:  Elect the board of directors and, through them, exercise control over the operations of the corporation.  Share in the earnings of the corporation by receiving dividends declared by the board of directors.  Entitled to share in the assets of the corporation if it goes out of business.  Elect the board of directors and, through them, exercise control over the operations of the corporation.  Share in the earnings of the corporation by receiving dividends declared by the board of directors.  Entitled to share in the assets of the corporation if it goes out of business. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Preferred Stock Preferred stockholders participate as follows: Preferred Stock Preferred stockholders participate as follows:  Entitled to receive dividends before common stockholders.  Given preference over common stockholders to the assets of the corporation should it go out of business.  Entitled to receive dividends before common stockholders.  Given preference over common stockholders to the assets of the corporation should it go out of business. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)

Issuing Common Stock at Par Value Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.) Business Transaction On January 3 On Your Mark Athletic Wear issued 10,000 shares for $10 par common stock at $10 per share. On Your Mark received $100,000 for the shares, Memorandum 3. JOURNAL ENTRY

Issuing Common Stock in Excess of Par Value When a corporation sells its stock at a price that is above par, the excess over par is credited to a separate stockholders’ equity account called Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par. Issuing Common Stock in Excess of Par Value When a corporation sells its stock at a price that is above par, the excess over par is credited to a separate stockholders’ equity account called Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.) Paid-in Capital in Excess Par Debit – Decrease Side Credit + Increase Side Normal Balance

Issuing Preferred Stock Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.) Business Transaction On January 4, On Your Mark issued 250 shares of preferred $6 stock, $100 par, at $100 per share. On Your Mark received $25,000 for the shares, Memorandum 5. JOURNAL ENTRY

Check Your Understanding Describe the difference between common and preferred stock. Section 1Publicly Held Corporations (cont'd.)