Chapter 1 The Science of Physics

Which of the following is an area of physics that studies motion and its causes? a. thermodynamics b. mechanics c. quantum mechanics d. optics

Which of the following is an area of physics that studies motion and its causes? a. thermodynamics b. mechanics c. quantum mechanics d. optics

The symbols for units of length in order from smallest to largest are: a. m, cm, mm, and km. b. mm, m, cm, and km. c. km, mm, cm, and m. d. mm, cm, m, and km.

The symbols for units of length in order from smallest to largest are: a. m, cm, mm, and km. b. mm, m, cm, and km. c. km, mm, cm, and m. d. mm, cm, m, and km.

The SI base unit used to measure mass is the: a. meter. b. second. c The SI base unit used to measure mass is the: a. meter b. second c. kilogram d. liter

The SI base unit used to measure mass is the: a. meter. b. second. c The SI base unit used to measure mass is the: a. meter b. second c. kilogram d. liter

If some measurements agree closely with each other but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are: a. neither precise nor accurate b. accurate but not precise c. acceptable as a new standard of accuracy d. precise but not accurate

If some measurements agree closely with each other but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are: a. neither precise nor accurate b. accurate but not precise c. acceptable as a new standard of accuracy d. precise but not accurate

What are the basic SI units. a. meters, kilograms, hours b What are the basic SI units? a. meters, kilograms, hours b. feet, pounds, seconds c. meters, kilograms, seconds d. feet, kilograms, seconds

What are the basic SI units. a. meters, kilograms, hours b What are the basic SI units? a. meters, kilograms, hours b. feet, pounds, seconds c. meters, kilograms, seconds d. feet, kilograms, seconds

Ch 2 Motion in One Dimension

What is the speed of an object at rest. a. 0 m/s. b. 1. 0 m/s. c. 9 What is the speed of an object at rest? a. 0.0 m/s b. 1.0 m/s c. 9.9 m/s d. 9.81 m/s

What is the speed of an object at rest. a. 0 m/s. b. 1. 0 m/s. c. 9 What is the speed of an object at rest? a. 0.0 m/s b. 1.0 m/s c. 9.9 m/s d. 9.81 m/s

A dolphin swims 1. 85 km/h. How far has the dolphin traveled after 0 A dolphin swims 1.85 km/h. How far has the dolphin traveled after 0.60 h? a. 1.1 km b. 2.5 km c. 0.63 km d. 3.7 km

A dolphin swims 1. 85 km/h. How far has the dolphin traveled after 0 A dolphin swims 1.85 km/h. How far has the dolphin traveled after 0.60 h? a. 1.1 km b. 2.5 km c. 0.63 km d. 3.7 km

Acceleration is: a. displacement. b Acceleration is: a. displacement b. the rate of change of displacement c. velocity d. the rate of change of velocity

Acceleration is: a. displacement. b Acceleration is: a. displacement b. the rate of change of displacement c. velocity d. the rate of change of velocity

Which of the following units are used to measure free fall. a. m/s. b Which of the following units are used to measure free fall? a. m/s b. m/s2 c. m•s d. m2/s2

Which of the following units are used to measure free fall. a. m/s. b Which of the following units are used to measure free fall? a. m/s b. m/s2 c. m•s d. m2/s2

When there is no air resistance, objects of different masses: a When there is no air resistance, objects of different masses: a. fall with equal accelerations with similar displacements. b. fall with different accelerations with different displacements. c. fall with equal accelerations with different displacements. d. fall with different accelerations with similar displacements.

When there is no air resistance, objects of different masses: a When there is no air resistance, objects of different masses: a. fall with equal accelerations with similar displacements. b. fall with different accelerations with different displacements. c. fall with equal accelerations with different displacements. d. fall with different accelerations with similar displacements.

Ch 3 Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors

Which of the following is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction? a. vector b. scalar c. resultant d. frame of reference

Which of the following is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction? a. vector b. scalar c. resultant d. frame of reference

A string attached to an airborne kite was maintained at an angle of 40 A string attached to an airborne kite was maintained at an angle of 40.0° with the ground. If 120 m of string was reeled in to return the kite back to the ground, what was the horizontal displacement of the kite? a. 110 m b. 84 m c. 77 m d. 92 m

A string attached to an airborne kite was maintained at an angle of 40 A string attached to an airborne kite was maintained at an angle of 40.0° with the ground. If 120 m of string was reeled in to return the kite back to the ground, what was the horizontal displacement of the kite? a. 110 m b. 84 m c. 77 m d. 92 m

Which of the following is the motion of objects moving in two dimensions under the influence of gravity? a. horizontal velocity b. directrix c. parabola d. projectile motion

Which of the following is the motion of objects moving in two dimensions under the influence of gravity? a. horizontal velocity b. directrix c. parabola d. projectile motion

What is the path of a projectile. a. a wavy line. 2. a parabola. 3 What is the path of a projectile? a. a wavy line 2. a parabola 3. a hyperbola 4. Projectiles do not follow a predictable path.

What is the path of a projectile. a. a wavy line. 2. a parabola. 3 What is the path of a projectile? a. a wavy line 2. a parabola 3. a hyperbola 4. Projectiles do not follow a predictable path.

A piece of chalk is dropped by a teacher walking at a speed of 1.5 m/s. From the teacher’s perspective, the chalk appears to fall: a. straight down b. straight down and backward c. straight down and forward d. straight backward

A piece of chalk is dropped by a teacher walking at a speed of 1.5 m/s. From the teacher’s perspective, the chalk appears to fall: a. straight down b. straight down and backward c. straight down and forward d. straight backward

Ch 4 Force and the Laws of Motion

What causes a moving object to change direction. a. acceleration. b What causes a moving object to change direction? a. acceleration b. velocity c. inertia d. force

What causes a moving object to change direction. a. acceleration. b What causes a moving object to change direction? a. acceleration b. velocity c. inertia d. force

Which of the following is the tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion? a. acceleration b. inertia c. force d. velocity

Which of the following is the tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion? a. acceleration b. inertia c. force d. velocity

A wagon with a weight of 300.0 N is accelerated across a level surface at 0.5 m/s2. What net force acts on the wagon? a. 9.0 N b. 15 N c. 150 N d. 610 N

A wagon with a weight of 300.0 N is accelerated across a level surface at 0.5 m/s2. What net force acts on the wagon? a. 9.0 N b. 15 N c. 150 N d. 610 N

The statement by Newton that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction is which of his laws of motion? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

The statement by Newton that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction is which of his laws of motion? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

The magnitude of the force of gravity acting on an object is: a The magnitude of the force of gravity acting on an object is: a. frictional force b. weight c. inertia d. mass

The magnitude of the force of gravity acting on an object is: a The magnitude of the force of gravity acting on an object is: a. frictional force b. weight c. inertia d. mass

Ch 5 Work and Energy

Work is done when: a. the displacement is not zero b Work is done when: a. the displacement is not zero b. the displacement is zero c. the force is zero d. the force and displacement are perpendicular

Work is done when: a. the displacement is not zero b Work is done when: a. the displacement is not zero b. the displacement is zero c. the force is zero d. the force and displacement are perpendicular

Which of the following energy forms is the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy? a. total energy b. sum energy c. nonmechanical energy d. mechanical energy

Which of the following energy forms is the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy? a. total energy b. sum energy c. nonmechanical energy d. mechanical energy

An 80.0 kg climber with a 20.0 kg pack climbs 8848 m to the top of Mount Everest. What is the climber’s potential energy? a. 6.94 x 106 J b. 4.16 x 106 J c. 2.47 x 106 J d. 1.00 x 106 J

An 80.0 kg climber with a 20.0 kg pack climbs 8848 m to the top of Mount Everest. What is the climber’s potential energy? a. 6.94 x 106 J b. 4.16 x 106 J c. 2.47 x 106 J d. 1.00 x 106 J

A bobsled zips down an ice track starting at 150 m vertical distance up the hill. Disregarding friction, what is the velocity of the bobsled at the bottom of the hill? a. 27 m/s b. 36 m/s c. 45 m/s d. 54 m/s

A bobsled zips down an ice track starting at 150 m vertical distance up the hill. Disregarding friction, what is the velocity of the bobsled at the bottom of the hill? a. 27 m/s b. 36 m/s c. 45 m/s d. 54 m/s

What is the average power supplied by a 60 What is the average power supplied by a 60.0 kg secretary running up a flight of stairs rising vertically 4.0 m in 4.2 s? a. 380 W b. 560 W c. 610 W d. 670 W

What is the average power supplied by a 60 What is the average power supplied by a 60.0 kg secretary running up a flight of stairs rising vertically 4.0 m in 4.2 s? a. 380 W b. 560 W c. 610 W d. 670 W

Ch 6 Momentum

A roller coaster climbs up a hill at 4 m/s and then zips down the hill at 30.0 m/s. The momentum of the roller coaster: a. is greater up the hill than down the hill b. is greater down the hill than up the hill c. remains the same throughout the ride d. is zero throughout the ride

A roller coaster climbs up a hill at 4 m/s and then zips down the hill at 30.0 m/s. The momentum of the roller coaster: a. is greater up the hill than down the hill b. is greater down the hill than up the hill c. remains the same throughout the ride d. is zero throughout the ride

An ice skater initially skating at a velocity of 3 m/s speeds up to a velocity of 5 m/s. The momentum of the skater: a. decreases b. increases c. remains the same d. becomes zero

An ice skater initially skating at a velocity of 3 m/s speeds up to a velocity of 5 m/s. The momentum of the skater: a. decreases b. increases c. remains the same d. becomes zero

The change in an object’s momentum is equal to: a The change in an object’s momentum is equal to: a. the product of the mass of the object and the time interval. b. the product of the force applied to the object and the time interval. c. the time interval divided by the net external force. d. the net external force divided by the time interval.

The change in an object’s momentum is equal to: a The change in an object’s momentum is equal to: a. the product of the mass of the object and the time interval. b. the product of the force applied to the object and the time interval. c. the time interval divided by the net external force. d. the net external force divided by the time interval.

A softball with a mass of 0. 11 kg moves at a speed of 12 m/s A softball with a mass of 0.11 kg moves at a speed of 12 m/s. Then the ball is hit by a bat and rebounds in the opposite direction at a speed of 15 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball? a. -1.3 kg•m/s b. -1.6 kg•m/s c. -0.33 kg•m/s d. -3.0 kg•m/s

A softball with a mass of 0. 11 kg moves at a speed of 12 m/s A softball with a mass of 0.11 kg moves at a speed of 12 m/s. Then the ball is hit by a bat and rebounds in the opposite direction at a speed of 15 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball? a. -1.3 kg•m/s b. -1.6 kg•m/s c. -0.33 kg•m/s d. -3.0 kg•m/s

Which of the following statements about the conservation of momentum is NOT correct? a. Momentum is conserved for a system of objects pushing away from each other. b. Momentum is not conserved for a system of objects in a head-on collision. c. Momentum is conserved when two or more interacting objects push away from each other. d. The total momentum of a system of interacting objects remains constant regardless of forces between the objects.

Which of the following statements about the conservation of momentum is NOT correct? a. Momentum is conserved for a system of objects pushing away from each other. b. Momentum is not conserved for a system of objects in a head-on collision. c. Momentum is conserved when two or more interacting objects push away from each other. d. The total momentum of a system of interacting objects remains constant regardless of forces between the objects.

Ch 7-8 Centripetal Force, Universal Gravitation, Torque, Simple Machines

The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N. What is the gravitational force if the distance between them is tripled? a. 4.0 N b. 9.0 N c. 18 N d. 27 N

The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N. What is the gravitational force if the distance between them is tripled? a. 4.0 N b. 9.0 N c. 18 N d. 27 N

If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience which of the following? a. a constant angular speed b. an angular acceleration c. a constant moment of inertia d. an increasing moment of inertia

If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience which of the following? a. a constant angular speed b. an angular acceleration c. a constant moment of inertia d. an increasing moment of inertia

Where should a force be applied on a lever arm to produce the most torque? a. closest to the axis of rotation b. farthest from the axis of rotation c. in the middle of the lever arm d. It doesn’t matter where the force is applied.

Where should a force be applied on a lever arm to produce the most torque? a. closest to the axis of rotation b. farthest from the axis of rotation c. in the middle of the lever arm d. It doesn’t matter where the force is applied.

Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door. Compared with a door whose knob is located at the edge, what amount of force must be applied to this door to produce the torque exerted on the other door? a. one-half as much b. two times as much c. one-fourth as much d. four times as much

Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door. Compared with a door whose knob is located at the edge, what amount of force must be applied to this door to produce the torque exerted on the other door? a. one-half as much b. two times as much c. one-fourth as much d. four times as much

If you cannot exert enough force to loosen a bolt with a wrench, which of the following should you do? a. Use a wrench with a longer handle. b. Tie a rope to the end of the wrench and pull on the rope. c. Use a wrench with a shorter handle. d. You should exert a force on the wrench closer to the bolt.

If you cannot exert enough force to loosen a bolt with a wrench, which of the following should you do? a. Use a wrench with a longer handle. b. Tie a rope to the end of the wrench and pull on the rope. c. Use a wrench with a shorter handle. d. You should exert a force on the wrench closer to the bolt.

CH 10 & 11 Heat and Thermodynamics

What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at 1 atm of pressure? A) 0°F B) 273 K C) 0 K D) 100°C

What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at 1 atm of pressure? A) 0°F B) 273 K C) 0 K D) 100°C

Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties? A) mass B) specific heat C) density D) temperature

Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties? A) mass B) specific heat C) density D) temperature

An engine absorbs 2150 J as heat from a hot reservoir and gives off 750 J as heat to a cold reservoir during each cycle. How much work is done during each cycle? A) 750 J B) 1400 J C) 2150 J D) 2900 J

An engine absorbs 2150 J as heat from a hot reservoir and gives off 750 J as heat to a cold reservoir during each cycle. How much work is done during each cycle? A) 750 J B) 1400 J C) 2150 J D) 2900 J

Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules? A) potential energy B) temperature C) elastic energy D) thermal equilibrium

Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules? A) potential energy B) temperature C) elastic energy D) thermal equilibrium

Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy? A) heat B) internal energy C) temperature D) kinetic energy

Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy Which of the following terms describes a transfer of energy? A) heat B) internal energy C) temperature D) kinetic energy

Distinguish between precision and accuracy.

Precision is how close a series of measurements are to each other Precision is how close a series of measurements are to each other. Accuracy is how close a measurement is to the accepted value.

What is the speed of a proton that travels 3. 022 x 1012 m in 2 What is the speed of a proton that travels 3.022 x 1012 m in 2.02 x 104 s? Express the answer in scientific notation using the correct number of significant digits.

3.022 x 1012 m / 2.02 x 104 s = 1.50 x 108 m/s

What is the acceleration of an object thrown upward What is the acceleration of an object thrown upward? What is its acceleration as it free falls?

The acceleration is constant, 9.81 m/s2, all the time it is in the air.

A pair of spectacles are dropped from the top of a 32.0 m high stadium. A pen is dropped 2.0 s later. How high above the ground is the pen when the spectacles hit the ground?

d = 1/2 g t2 32.0 = 1/2 9.8 t2 t = 2.56 s If the pen is dropped 2 seconds after the spectacles, the pen only falls 0.56 seconds. d = 1/2 g t2 d = 1/2 9.8•0.562 d = 1.54 m It fell 1.54 m of 32.0 m 32.0 - 1.54 = 30.0 m above the ground

Briefly explain why a basketball being thrown toward the hoop is considered projectile motion.

It is an object that is launched and that is subject to gravity.

Briefly explain why the true path of a projectile traveling through Earth’s atmosphere is not a parabola.

Because air resistance slows the object.

When a car is moving, what happens to the velocity and acceleration of the car if the air resistance becomes equal to the force acting in the opposite direction?

The acceleration is then zero and the car moves with a constant speed.

In a game of tug-of-war, a rope is pulled to the left with a force of 75 N and to the right with a force of 102 N. What is the magnitude and direction of the net external force on the rope?

102 N - 75 N = 27 N to the right

How is work related to force and displacement?

Work = force x displacement

A skier with a mass of 88 kg hits a ramp of snow at 16 m/s and becomes airborne. At the highest point of flight, the skier is 3.7 m above ground. What is the skier’s gravitational potential energy at this point?

PE = mgh 88 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 3.7 m = 3200 J

What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved?

Momentum is neither lost nor gained in interactions between objects.

A 30.0 kg girl and a 25.0 kg boy face each other on friction free roller skates. The girl pushes the boy, who moves away at a speed of 2.0 m/s. What is the girl’s speed?

30.0 kg x v = 25.0 kg x 2.0 m/s v = 1.7 m/s

A ball is whirled in a horizontal path on the end of a string A ball is whirled in a horizontal path on the end of a string. Predict the path of the ball when the string breaks, and explain your answer.

The ball will move straight in the direction it was moving when the string broke. Without a centripetal force, the ball’s inertia causes it to keep moving in a straight line.

How does the use of a machine alter the work done on the object?

None. Work, like energy, is conserved.

Why is air an effective thermal insulator for the body?

Air is an extremely poor thermal conductor.

A physics textbook is balanced on top of an inflated balloon on a cold morning. As the day passes, the temperature increases, the balloon expands, and the textbook rises. Is there a transfer of energy as heat? If so, what is it? Has any work been done?

Energy from the air was transferred into the balloon as heat Energy from the air was transferred into the balloon as heat. The balloon did work on the book.