WIND POWER By: Saed Ghaffari HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY Wind Speed Distributions Wind Turbine Selection Turbine Loading Wind Noise Wind Parks

HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY • Modern wind energy systems consist of three basic components: • Tower • Rotor • Nacelle • Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy.

HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY

HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO ELECTRICITY • The wind turns the rotor, which turns the generator to produce electricity. • To maximize the power extracted, the nacelle, which connects the rotor to the tower and houses the generator, can be rotated into the direction of the wind.

Wind Speed Distributions • It is very important to be able to describe the variation of wind speeds. • Turbine designers need the information to optimize the design of their turbines, so as to minimize generating costs. • Turbine investors need the information to estimate their income from electricity generation.

Wind Speed Distributions

Wind Turbine Selection • Rotor diameters may vary somewhat for a given power, because many manufacturers optimize their machines to local wind conditions. • A larger generator requires more power

Wind Turbine Selection • Reasons for Choosing Large Turbines • There are economies of scale in wind turbines, • Larger machines are particularly well suited for offshore wind power.

Wind Turbine Selection • Reasons for Choosing Smaller Turbines • Local electrical grids may be too weak to handle the output from a large machine. • This may be the case in remote parts of the electrical grid with low population density and little electricity consumption in the area.

Wind Turbine Selection • There is less fluctuation in the electricity output from a wind park consisting of a number of smaller machines, since wind fluctuations occur randomly, and therefore tend to cancel out. • Costs for large cranes and building adequate roads to carry the turbine components may make smaller machines more economic in some areas. • Several smaller machines spread the risk in case of temporary machine failure, e.g. due to lightning strikes. • Aesthetical landscape considerations may sometimes dictate the use of smaller machines.

Horizontal Axis “HAWT”

Horizontal Axis “HAWT”

Turbine Loading • Rapid fluctuations in wind speed are called turbulence and may increase the structural and dynamic stresses on the wind turbine components.

Wind Parks • Cities and countries need huge wind farms to satisfy their energy needs.

Wind Parks • To optimize energy production in a wind farm, turbines are spread 5 – 9 rotor diameters apart in the prevailing wind direction and 3 – 5 rotor diameters apart in the perpendicular direction.

Wind Parks Wind Park In Cyprus

Wind Parks • As a rule of thumb, turbines in wind parks are usually spaced somewhere between 5 and 9 rotor diameters apart in the prevailing wind direction, and between 3 and 5 diameters apart in the direction perpendicular to the prevailing winds.

Thanks for Attention