Bell Ringer 1. Turn in your worksheet from last class if you have not already done so. On the skeleton provided label the medical names for each of the bones that you remember from our last two lessons. We will be filling in this skeleton throughout todays class. ***While we are completing the skeleton today, highlight any medical names that you got wrong or that you did not know so that these are the names you focus on studying. ****We will have a quiz on the front upper body at the beginning of next class!****

Location and Function of Bones Lesson 3

Objectives Content Objective: The students will be able to identify the location and function of each significant bone in the skeletal system during a class discussion, based upon their experience the last two lessons with constructing and labeling a skeleton as demonstrated on a notes outline. Language Objective: The students will be able to dictate the medical names for each of the significant bones in order to have a class discussion about each bone as demonstrated through teacher observation.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Number 1, 2a and 2b Cranium 2a. Maxilla 2b. Mandible Image

Cranium (Skull) Made up of 8 major bones fused together (Occipital bone, temporal bone (2), frontal bone, parietal bone (2), sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone) Location: Connected to the vertebrae by way of the axis and atlas (cervical vertebrae) which allows for us to turn our head and move it up and down. Function: Protects the brain

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Number 3 Clavicle Image

Clavicle (Collarbone) Location: Between the rib cage and shoulder blade Function: Connects the arm to the rest of the body. Allow for free movement of the arm.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Number 4 and 5 5. Ribs 4. Sternum Image

Ribs and Sternum (Breastbone) 24 ribs – 7 pairs of true ribs that attach to the sternum; 3 pairs of false ribs that connect to the last true rib; 2 pairs of floating ribs do not attach to the front. All ribs attach to the vertebrae in the spine. Location: Joins the vertebrae and sternum Function: Protects the chest cavity – the vital organs including the heart and lungs.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Number 6 Humerus Image

Humerus (Upper Arm) Location: Between the elbow joint and the shoulder Function: Instrumental in supporting many of the arms functions

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Number 7 & 8 8. Ulna 7. Radius Image

Radius and Ulna (Forearm) Location: Radius is located on the thumb side and creates the wrist joint at the carpals and the ulna is located on the pinky side and connects the elbow to the carpals. Function: Allows forearm to rotate and primarily interacts with the carpals. Allows the wrist to rotate.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Numbers 9, 10 & 11 10. Sacrum 9. Pelvis 25. Coccyx

Pelvis, Sacrum and Coccyx (Tailbone) The male pelvis is smaller and narrower than the female pelvis Location: Between the trunk (spine) and femur Purpose: Holds the reproductive organs. Forms the base of the spine and ball and socket joint for the legs which allows them to rotate and move in many angles to allow us to walk.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Numbers 11, 12 & 13 13. Phalanges 12. Metacarpals 11. Carpals Image

Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges (Wrist and Hand) 8 carpal bones in each wrist, 5 metacarpals in each hand and 14 phalanges in each hand Location: Carpals are between arms and fingers, metacarpals are between carpals and phalanges and phalanges are a the end. Function: Allows movement at the wrist and fingers

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Numbers 14 & 15 14. Femur 15. Patella Image

Femur (Thigh) Longest and strongest bone Location: Extends from the hip to the knee Function: Creates ball and socket joint with the hip to allow the leg to move in multiple angles for free rotation.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Numbers 16 & 17 16. Tibia 17. Fibula Image

Tibia and Fibula (Lower Leg/shin) The tibia is the strongest weight bearing bone and the second largest bone. Creates the knee and the ankle. The fibula is not a structural bone. Location: Tibia is the lower front portion of the knee to the ankle. The fibula is on the outside and creates part of the ankle joint. Function: The tibia provides movement at the knee and ankle. The fibula allows stability of movement and is an anchor point for major muscles

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Numbers 18, 19, 27 & 28 27. Tarsals 18. Metatarsals 19. Phalanges 28. Calcaneus 27. Tarsals 18. Metatarsals 19. Phalanges

Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges and Calcaneus (Ankle, Foot, Toes and Heel) 7 tarsal bones in each foot, 5 metatarsals in each hand and 14 phalanges in each foot Location: Tarsals are between the lower leg and metatarsals, metatarsals are between tarsals and phalanges and phalanges are a the end. Function: Allows movement at ankle and foot. Create strong weight bearing platform. Form an arch in the foot to carry and transfer weight in a walking motion.

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Number 23 23. Scapula

Scapula (Shoulder Blade) Protected by a complex series of muscles Location: Connects the humerus (arm) to the clavicle (collarbone) Function: Creates a socket for the ball of the humerus to fit into and allow for the freedom of rotation

Class Discussion What bone (using the medical name) do you think this is? What characteristic made you believe it was this bone? How can you memorize the name of this bone?

Numbers 21, 22, 10, 24 & 25 21. 22. 24. 10. 25.

Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae (Spine) 33 vertebrae. The upper 24 move and the lower 9 are fused. Location: Cervical vertebrae in the neck there are 7 of them. Thoracic vertebrae are where the ribs connect to the spine and there are 12 of them. The lumbar vertebrae are in the lower back there are 5 of them. Following the lumbar vertebrae are 5 fused vertebrae that create the sacrum and 4 fused vertebrae that create the coccyx Function: Protection of the spinal cord

Closure Questions Self-asses – Which bone(s) do you think you will have a difficult time remembering their location? Can you create a way to remember them? Self-asses – Which bone(s) do you think will be difficult to remember the name(s) of? Can you create a way to remember?