Plant organs and their functions

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Presentation transcript:

Plant organs and their functions Leaves, Roots, Stems Plant organs and their functions

Leaves

Leaf Parts Two major parts to the leaf: Blade Petiole

Leaf microanatomy Epidermis and cuticle do what? Mesophyl does what? Veins do what? Guard cells in the lower epidermis do what?

Photosythesis The purpose of photosynthesis is to produce organic (carbon-based) molecules (such as sugars). The plants use these molecules for two purposes: As an energy source As building material

Roots

Types of root systems Taproot systems: main root, lateral branches. Fibrous root systems: lose the primary root, replaced by many smaller roots.

Root Anatomy Parts of a root: Root cap Root meristem Zone of elongation Zone of maturation

Roots: Epidermis Root epidermis lacks a cuticle, and is porous. Usually has many root hairs. Water enters through membranes of epidermal cells or through spaces between cells.

Roots: Cortex The cortex layer is made up of parenchyma cells. What is the main function of these cells? Endodermis separates the cortex from the vascular cylinder.

Roots: vascular cylinder Casparian strip around endodermis cells controls water movement. Why? Pericycle: layer of parenchyma cells, inside of endodermis, from which branch roots can arise.

Roots: vascular cylinder Vascular cylinder contains: Phloem: what does phloem do? Xylem: What does xylem do?

Stems

Stems: Epidermis In herbaceous plants and young woody plants, the stem is covered with epidermis. Epidermis secretes cuticle, has stomata, and may be photosynthetic.

Stems: Cortex and Pith Cortex layer contains parenchyma cells and vascular bundles. Pith makes up the center of the stem, and is absent in hollow stems.

Stems: vascular tissue Vascular bundles are in the cortex. Between the xylem and phloem is the vascular cambium, a meristem layer. What is it for?

Stems: Secondary growth Secondary growth is seen in woody plants. This kind of growth produces stronger, thicker stems from the vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Stems: wood and bark What tissue makes up the wood of a tree trunk? (hint: water flows there.) What tissue makes up the “green bark?” (hint: sap flows there.) Dead cork cells make up the bark.

Stems: Annual Rings Trees in temperate zones grow at different rates in different seasons, causing annual rings to form. In some parts of the tropics, if seasons vary little, tree rings are indistinct.