TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Unit-2 Principles and philosophies of quality management Presented by N.Vigneshwari

Review of last class Overview of the contributions of crosby

Today’s topic Overview of the contributions of Masaaki Imai, Armand V.Feigenbaum, Kaoru Ishikawa

Overview of the contributions of Masaaki Imai About Masaaki Imai Imai was a Japanese quality guru 1962-he founded the Cambridge corporation, an international management consultancy and executive recruiting firm, based in Tokyo From 1976 to 1986- he served as president of the Japan Federation of Recruiting and Employment Agency Associations 1986-he established the Kaizen Institute to help western companies introduce kaizen concepts, systems and tools As a consultant, Imai assisted more than 200 foreign and joint venture companies in Japan in fields including recruiting, executive development, personnel management and organizational studies. He also published his book on Japanese management, “Kaizen: The key to Japan’s Competitive Success”.

Imai’s contributions Imai has brought the management philosophies, theories and tools as a single concept known as kaizen.

What is kaizen Kaizen is a Japanese word which means continuous improvement or improvement over improvement. It is process of continuous improvements in small increments that make the process more efficient, effective, controllable, and adequate Kaizen begins with the notion than an organisation can assure its long-term survival and success only when every member in the operating system and throughout the firm, actively pursues opportunities to identify and implement improvements everyday. Kaizen incremental improvements by understanding the functions of the current system and its weaknesses or relative inefficiencies. Furthermore, small improvements gain returns the firm without the need for large, initial investments to fund major innovations like a new, automated assembly line. The quality improvement perspective of kaizen is best described by an old saying , “Everyday and in every way, we are getting better and better”.

Overview of the contributions of Feigenbaum About Feigenbaum Dr.Feigenbaum was an American engineer He was the founder and president of General Systems Company Inc., an international engineering company that designs and implements total quality systems He originated the concept of total quality control in his book “Total Quality Control”, which was published in 1951. He was a holder of the Edwards Medal and Lancaster Award for international contributions to quality and productivity.

Feigenbaum contributions Industry cycle Hidden plant Crucial elements of total quality

Industry cycle Feigenbaum stated that the industrial cycle was an ongoing sequence to bring products or services to the customer. These activities include marketing, purchasing, design, engineering, manufacturing, production, inspection, packaging, delivery, installation and service. He also maintained that “quality is everybody’s job”.

Hidden plant One of the more well known concepts developed by feigenbaum was that of the “hidden plant”. He maintained that within every company or factory a proportion of its capacity was wasted by not getting it right first time. He noted a figure of upto 40% of the capacity of the plant being wasted.

Crucial elements of total quality Quality is the customers perception of what quality is, not what a company thinks it is Quality and cost are the same, not different Quality is an individual and team commitment Quality and innovation are interrelated and mutually beneficial Managing quality is managing the business Quality is a principal Quality is not a temporary or quick fix but a continuous process of improvement

Overview of the contributions of Ishikawa Ishikawa (1916-1986) widely regarded as the father and pioneer of the “quality circles” in Japan in the 60’s was the leading Japanese contributor to quality management. 1939-recevied his Ph.D in chemical engineering 1962-credited with creating the Japanese quality circle movement 1972-received Engene L.Grant award from American Society for Quality Control (ASQ) 1988-received Walter A.Shewhart Medal He also served as president of the Japanese society for quality control, the Musashi Institute of Technology, and the international academy for quality Ishikawa wrote 647 articles and 31 books including “Introduction to quality control” and “what is total quality control?”.

Ishikawa’s contributions Company-wide quality quality circles Cause-and-effect diagram

Company-wide quality Ishikawa built on Feigenbaum’s concept of total quality and suggested that all employees have a greater role to play. He also maintained that a company-wide participation was required from the top management to the front-line staff. As every area of an organization can affect quality, all areas should study statistical techniques. Effects of company-wide quality control Reduced defects Improved product quality Quality improvement becomes the norm Increased reliability Reduced costs

Increased quality of production Waste is identified and reduced Rework is identified and reduced Improvement techniques are established and continually improved Sales and market opportunities are increased Company reputation is increased False and inaccurate data is reduced Meetings are more effective and focused Repairs and maintenance are rationalised Improvement in human relations Company loyalty is increased Intradepartmental barriers are broken down and communication becomes easier.

Quality circles Quality circles are the principal method for achieving participation composed of between 4 and 12 workers from the same area of activity. They aim to contribute and improve processes and activities, build up job satisfaction and company loyalty, and utilize existing and hidden resource potential

Cause-and-effect diagram Among Ishikawa’s key contributions were the development of the cause-and-effect diagram for problem solving, and for implementing quality circles that involve workers in quality improvement The cause and effect diagram is also known as the ‘Ishikawa diagram’.

References Total quality management-V.Jayakumar Total quality management-K.Shridhara Bhat

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