Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Cloud Computing I Cloud Models and Technologies Management Information Systems Robert Monroe November 15, 2009

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Quiz 1.True or false: cloud computing refers to computing done on airplanes, while they are in mid-flight. 2.Name one of the emerging technologies or trends identified in today’s readings that has enabled cloud computing 3.True or false: one of the primary benefits of cloud computing is that an IT department can be very precisely track exactly which machine is running which program and where those machines are located. Further, they can carefully assign each program running to a specific piece of hardware.

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Goals For Today By the end of today's class you should be able to: –Identify the core technological advances that have made cloud computing technically and economically viable over the past five years –Explain how these technologies work together to enable cloud computing –Explain the concepts of: client-side processing,server-side processing, and how one might choose to balance work between the two. server utilization Virtualization computing resources - storage, processing, data transfer rates and volume –Understand and explain when the location of data and computation is a critical design factor, and when it is not.

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Cloud Computing Concepts

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems The Cloud Image source: Wikipedia

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Selected Cloud Computing Models Software as a Service (SaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Utility Computing

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Computing Paradigm Design Space Where does the processing happen? Where does the data being processed live? How are the processors connected to the data? What is the cost of transporting data to processor vs. transporting processing to the data? Where does the input happen, relative to processing and data? Where does output go, and where does the processing to convert results to human-readable output happen?

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems New Technologies and Trends Support Cloud Model Cheap CPU cycles and storage Fast, abundant networking Standard, global, interoperability protocols Improved parallel processing support and management Virtualization Engineering models for massive, horizontal scaling of computing infrastructure Development of simplified programming models for huge, distributed systems

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Interoperability Protocols Communication protocols –HTTP, WAP, SOAP –TCP/IP Content/data exchange protocols –HTML (documents) –Programs (Javascript, Flash, Java) –Data (XML) Client-side processing: browsers, virtual machines

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems System Virtualization

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Definitions Virtual computing: having one computer act as two or more computers Grid computing: having two or more computers act as one computer Virtual grid computing: having two or more computers act as one computer that acts as two or more computers Source: Nick Carr’s Rough Type blog: Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples the physical hardware from the operating system to deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexibility. –Source: VMWare corp website (

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Physical vs. Virtual A physical computing device is something that you could (at least theoretically) hold in your hand. A virtual computing device is something that exists only as a logical (software) construct within a physical device There is a long history or moving from physical devices to virtual devices –Examples?

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems VMWare Architecture Source: VMWare website

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Virtual Data Center: VMWare Infrastructure Architecture Source: VMWare website

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems VMWare Demo

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Key Benefits of Virtualization Radical scalability Economies of scale / improved server utilization Simplified and much cheaper disaster recovery

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Technical Models for Using Cloud Computing Cloud as shared data store Cloud as flexible processing utility (supercomputer) Cloud as disaster recovery platform / strategy Cloud as web service provider Cloud as infrastructure host

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Discussion Question What is the relationship between outsourcing, offshoring, and cloud computing?

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Final Assignment – Technology Report

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Assignment #4 (and #5) Assignment: research an emerging information technology and write a report on your findings –Details posted on wiki under ‘Assignment 4’ Due date: Saturday, December 5 at 11:59pm –What you must submit: a URL I can use to read the report that you have put together for presentation on the web Optional assignment #5 –Sign up for a group presentation of your report to me –Details for this option provided in wiki write-up

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Emerging IT Analysis Framework Structured, qualitative analysis framework Usage: –Quick filter –Foundation for detailed analysis Structure: –Six core questions –Three (+) secondary questions

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Six Core Questions What does the technology do? What does the technology not do? What problems does the technology solve? –… and for whom? What problems does the technology create? –… and for whom? What complements the technology? Does the technology require network effects?

Carnegie Mellon University © Robert T. Monroe Management Information Systems Secondary Questions What substitutes are available to solve the problems? How mature is the technology? What type of community is available to support and grow the technology?