UNIT 14 REVIEW ADAPTATIONS

ADAPTATIONS Adaptations are needed to help living organisms survive Adaptations – structure inherited by DNA that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat Examples – thorns, camouflage, suckling

PLANT ADAPTATIONS 4 main types of plants: Bryophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, & Angiosperms Stem Adaptations Vascular tissue – help transport materials Xylem tissue moves water up from roots while phloem moves food down from the leaves Leaf Adaptations Help the leaves carry out photosynthesis Leaves have stomata – openings that allows gas and water to come in and out Leaves are waxy (waxy cuticle) to prevent water loss

PLANT ADAPTATIONS, CONTINUED Root Adaptations Root anchor the plants and absorb water. Root hairs help the plants absorb more water Reproduction Adaptations Seeds help plants to reproduce; also allow the plant to not grown (dormant) when conditions aren’t right (Gymnosperms) Brightly colored flowers to attract insects & birds that will transfer the pollen to help them reproduce (Angiosperms) Fruit attract animals that will eat them and in turn spread the seeds for reproduction (angiosperms) Survival Adaptations Plants can have thorns, needles or can be bitter to keep from predators eating them

ANIMAL ADAPTATIONS Animal adaptations can be either physical features or behaviors Physical Adaptations Different shapes of bones for specific activities Amphibians have lungs and limbs that they can use while on land, but don’t need in the water Animals in the water are streamlined to help with swimming Animals that fly have hollow bones, wings & feathers Coloring adaptations – camouflage, mimicry, bright colors, specific markings

Animal adaptations, continued Behavioral Adaptations Innate – behaviors you are born with; not taught; reflexes and instincts Suckling to get milk from mother Spiders spinning webs Birds flying south – migration Hibernation – sleep through cold season Learned – acquire after you are born; you practice it Imprinting – the attachment to parents but you have to learn who your parents are Conditioning – something that is trained (remember dog with bell) Trial and Error – learns behavior by trying different ways; learn through practice Insight – when animals apply what they learn to a new situation; requires a complex brain; ex. Playing chess