A program of ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) funded by the National Science Foundation Background Session #4 Mutation,

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A program of ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) funded by the National Science Foundation Background Session #4 Mutation, Natural Selection, Sequence Alignment, and Sequence Variation May 17, 2008 Dr. Simona Bartl Adjunct Professor Moss Landing Marine Labs

May 17th Workshop2 Mutation  Silent  Missense  Nonsense  Frameshift  Phenotype effects  e.com/watch?v=kp 0esidDr-c e.com/watch?v=kp 0esidDr-c Ref: evolution.berkeley.edu Ref:

May 17th Workshop3 Duplications  Gene  Chromosomal  Genome  Major role in evolution

May 17th Workshop4 Natural selection  The process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment than others produce more offspring. The American Heritage® Science Dictionary Copyright © 2005 Ref:

May 17th Workshop5 Sequence alignment  The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties.

May 17th Workshop6 DNA sequence alignment

May 17th Workshop7

May 17th Workshop8 Protein sequence alignment

May 17th Workshop9

10 Sequence variation  The location and degree of differences between nucleotide strings or amino acid strings  Most DNA sequence variants lie outside genes and may not effect phenotype but a fraction of the differences do lie within genes.  Usually variation in DNA sequences is greater than in protein sequences.

May 17th Workshop11 www-personal.umich.edu

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