Endocrine System Nursing Care for Diabetes Disorders

Pancreas Fish-shaped organ behind stomach Exocrine (secretes pancreatic juices that are carried to small intestines to aid in digestion) and endocrine gland (produces insulin needed for cells to absorb sugar from the blood) Insulin – metabolizes sugar Glucagon – maintains blood level of glucose

Diseases of Pancreas Diabetes mellitus – Decreased secretion of insulin w/ affects metabolism of carbs, proteins, fats – 2 types of D.M. Type 1: juvenile onset; thought to be an autoimmune reaction involving genetic and virus factors that destroy parts of the pancreas – More severe, requires insulin injections Type 2: adult onset; most common in adults over 45, overweight, heredity, certain ethnic groups – Frequently occurs in obese adults and may not be insulin dependent – Controlled w/ diet – Hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, weight loss, fatigue, slow healing of skin infections and vision changes

Caring for Residents with Diabetes Diabetes must be carefully controlled to prevent complications Observe all skin for cuts, breaks, bruising, color change and report to nurse Keep skin clean and dry Promote mobility, Encourage resident to follow exercise plan Give good foot care, do not cut toenails Report any changes in feet to nurse Report c/o pain in legs immediately Encourage resident to wear proper shoes Encourage to follow diet, do not give sugar

Caring for Residents with Diabetes Report any of the following to the nurse Nervousness, or anxiety, blurred vision, changes in mobility, dizziness or loss of coordination, numbness or tingling in the arms and legs Irritability or confusion Any changes in appetite, excessive thirst, fruity odor to breath, weight change, change in urine output Complaints of urinary frequency, burning on urination, urinary urgency Report if visitors bring snacks or treats

Gestational Diabetes Gestatational Diabetes occurs during pregnancy It may go away after the baby is born The woman is at risk for Type II Diabetes later in life