Artificial Insemination (AI) Colin Mitchell BVM&S CertEP MRCVS Hexham

AI – pros & cons Removes geographical restrictions Breed difficult mares Reduced injury Reduce infections Increase number of mares per stallion More skill Cost fraud

AI Consider foal and future use / registration Most non-TB’s acceptable

AI – success depends on : Satisfactory BSE ( CEM swabs ) Induction of an ovulatory oestrous Accurate prediction of ovulation Correct timing of AI Appropriate semen handling and technique Post AI examination

AI - requirements Clean, safe, quiet environment Mare restraint Mains electricity Clean warm water

Functional stocks !!!

Types of Semen 1.Fresh 2.Chilled 3.Frozen

Timing of insemination Hormonal manipulation to induce an oestrous Monitor follicle with daily scans when in oestrous Ovulation inducing agent given when follicle nearing maturity

Nearing Ovulation follicle on ovary oedema in uterus

Ovulation Imminent follicle on ovary oedema in uterus

Timing of AI SEMENTIMING fresh24 – 36hrs chilled12 – 18 hrs frozen6 pre/6 post

AI procedure Mare at correct stage Paperwork checked Tail bandage, clean,dry Evaluate semen Semen handling Inseminate Post AI therapy

Post AI Examination - ovary Ovulation occurred Corpus luteum forms

Post AI Examination - uterus Uterine inflammation and fluid retention Visible as black within uterus

Fluid Management Oxytocin Prostaglandin Uterine lavage Antibiotic infusion

Common scenario Older competition horses retiring from sport are common candidates for AI Usually maiden mares Particular challenge

Mature Retired Mare Uterine muscle activity reduced Ability of cervix to relax and dilate is reduced Increased risk of uterine fluid retention => Poorer breeding prognosis

Questions please…..