LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S) ADDRESS: 11.2 Students analyze the relationship among the rise of industrialization, large-scale rural-to-urban migration, and massive immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. 9-3 LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe the events of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency. Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business. Identify laws passed to protect public health and the environment. Summarize Roosevelt’s stand on civil rights.

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal As president, Theodore Roosevelt works to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms. NEXT

SECTION 3: TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal 3 SECTION Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal A Rough-Riding President Roosevelt’s Rise • Theodore Roosevelt has sickly childhood, drives self in athletics • Is ambitious, rises through New York politics to become governor • NY political bosses cannot control him, urge run for vice-president NEXT

ROOSEVELT AND THE ROUGH RIDERS Roosevelt grabbed national attention by advocating war with Spain in 1898 His volunteer cavalry brigade, the Rough Riders, won public acclaim for its role in the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba

Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Roosevelt returned a hero and was soon elected governor of NY and later McKinley’s vice-president

McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist in Buffalo in September of 1901 When President William McKinley was assassinated 6 months into his second term, Theodore Roosevelt became the nations 26th president

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal 3 SECTION Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal A Rough-Riding President The Modern Presidency President McKinley shot; Roosevelt becomes president at 42 His leadership, publicity campaigns help create modern presidency Supports federal government role when states do not solve problems - Square Deal— Roosevelt’s progressive reforms NEXT

THE MODERN PRESIDENT When Roosevelt was thrust into the presidency in 1901, he became the youngest president ever at age 42 He quickly established himself as a modern president who could influence the media and shape legislation

Chapter 9: Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal A – What actions and characteristics of Teddy Roosevelt contributed to his reputation as the first modern president? Roosevelt was an active, forceful, and energetic executive; He used his position to shape legislation and to influence the media.

Using Federal Power 1902 Coal Strike 3 SECTION Using Federal Power 1902 Coal Strike Coal reserves low; forces miners, operators to accept arbitration Sets principle of federal intervention when strike threatens public Continued . . . NEXT

1902 COAL STRIKE In 1902 140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for increased wages, a 9-hour work day, and the right to unionize Mine owners refused to bargain Roosevelt called in both sides and settled the dispute Thereafter, when a strike threatened public welfare, the federal government was expected to step in and help

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 1. 1902 coal strike Called both sides to the White House to negotiate; threatened to take over the mines None

B – What was significant about the way the 1902 coal strike was settled? From that point on the federal govt was expected to play a more active role in settling labor disputes.

Using Federal Power Trustbusting 3 SECTION Using Federal Power Trustbusting By 1900, trusts control about 4/5 of U.S. industries Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that hurt public interest - breaks up some trusts under Sherman Antitrust Act Continued . . . NEXT

TRUSTBUSTING By 1900, Trusts – legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies – controlled 80% of U.S. industries Anti-Trust- legislation designed to prevent monopolies Progressive party- political movement to change social and political accountability of govt. Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 2. Trusts Filed suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act against many trusts Sherman Antitrust Act

3 SECTION continued Using Federal Power Railroad Regulation Roosevelt pushes for federal regulation to control abuses - Elkins Act—stops rebates, sudden rate changes - Hepburn Act—limits passes, ICC to set maximum rates NEXT

Railroad Regulation - Hepburn Act— limits passes, ICC to set maximum rates NEXT

NO more Rebates - Bribes Railroad Regulation - Elkins Act— stops rebates, sudden rate changes NEXT

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 3. Unregulated big business Urged Congress to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act; fought for passage of the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act Interstate Commerce Act; Elkins Act; Hepburn Act

Health and the Environment 3 SECTION Health and the Environment Regulating Foods and Drugs • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—unsanitary conditions in meatpacking • Roosevelt commission investigates, backs up Sinclair’s account • Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act: - dictates sanitary requirements - creates federal meat inspection program Continued . . . NEXT

“THE JUNGLE” LEADS TO FOOD REGULATION After reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 The Act mandated cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants Muckraking journalist further exposed the meat packing industries.

Health and the Environment 3 SECTION Health and the Environment Pure Food and Drug Act • Food, drug advertisements make false claims; medicines often unsafe • Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food, medicine - requires truth in labeling Continued . . . NEXT

PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT In response to unregulated claims and unhealthy products, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906 The Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling The Pure Food and Drug Act took medicines with cocaine and other harmful ingredients off the market

Cordial were among the most popular. Mrs Cordial were among the most popular. Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup was one of dozens of such elixirs intended for infants. It’s safe to say many nineteenth-century opium addicts were women and children.

In fact, for many years, whiskey, cocaine, heroin and opiates were in everything and used for a cure all to end all.

C – What similarities did the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act share? Both acts created regulations that protected consumers’ health. Inspired by Upton Sinclair – the jungle

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 4. Dangerous foods and medicines Appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry; pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act: Pure Food and Drug Act

Conservation and Natural Resources 3 SECTION continued Health and the Environment Conservation and Natural Resources 1887, U.S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45 million acres Private interests exploit natural environment NEXT

ROOSEVELT AND THE ENVIRONMENT Before Roosevelt’s presidency, the federal government paid very little attention to the nation’s natural resources Roosevelt made conservation a primary concern of his administration Roosevelt, left, was an avid outdoorsman – here he is with author John Muir at Yosemite Park

Conservation Measures 3 SECTION continued Health and the Environment Conservation Measures Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks Believes conservation part preservation, part development for public NEXT

ROOSEVELT’S ENVIROMENTAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS Roosevelt set aside 148 million acres of forest reserves He also set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites and he established 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Conservation preserving natural habitats for future generations

D – Summarize Roosevelt’s approach to environmental problems. Roosevelt worked for conservation, preserving some resources but allowing some to be used, too.

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 5. Shrinking wilderness and natural resources Promoted conservation of natural resources; set aside thousands of acres of forest reserves, water-power sites, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks; named a professional conservationist to head the .U.S. Forest Service; promoted large-scale irrigation projects National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act)

Roosevelt and Civil Rights 3 SECTION Roosevelt and Civil Rights Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20th Century • Roosevelt does not support civil rights for African Americans • Supports individual African Americans in civil service - invites Booker T. Washington to White House • NAACP—National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - goal is full equality among races • Founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois and black, white reformers NEXT

ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS Roosevelt failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans He did, however, support a few individuals such as Booker T. Washington

NAACP FORMED TO PROMOTE RIGHTS In 1909 a number of African Americans and prominent white reformers formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People The NAACP had 6,000 members by 1914 The goal of the organization was full equality among the races The means to achieve this was the court system 1964 Application

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 6. Racial discrimination None or Appointed an African American as head of the Charleston, South Carolina, custom­ house; refused to dismiss an .African-American postmaster in Mississippi; invited Booker T. Washington to dinner None

GUIDED READING: Problem What steps did Roosevelt take to solve each problem? Which legislation helped solve the problem? 1. 1902 coal strike Called both sides to the White House to negotiate; threatened to take over the mines None 2. Trusts Filed suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act against many trusts Sherman Antitrust Act 3. Unregulated big business Urged Congress to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act; fought for passage of the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act Interstate Commerce Act; Elkins Act; Hepburn Act 4. Dangerous foods and medicines Appointed a commission to study the meatpacking industry; pushed for passage of the Meat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act: Pure Food and Drug Act 5. Shrinking wilderness and natural resources Promoted conservation of natural resources; set aside thousands of acres of forest reserves, water-power sites, wildlife sanctuaries, and national parks; named a professional conservationist to head the .U.S. Forest Service; promoted large-scale irrigation projects National Reclamation Act (Newlands Act) 6. Racial discrimination None or Appointed an African American as head of the Charleston, South Carolina, custom­ house; refused to dismiss an .African-American postmaster in Mississippi; invited Booker T. Washington to dinner