5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference A new model for the infrared emission of IRAS F Andreas Efstathiou European University Cyprus

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference Introduction to IRAS F Discovered by Rowan-Robinson et al (1991) Gravitationally lensed by a factor of Similar to Seyfert 2 galaxies in optical-UV Large quantity of molecular gas and bright in the submillimeter Similar to local ULIRGs?

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference Starburst model of Efstathiou, Rowan- Robinson & Siebenmorgen (2000) Stellar population synthesis model of Bruzual & Charlot Radiative transfer that includes effect of small grains/PAHs (Siebenmorgen & Krugel) Simple model for the evolution of giant molecular clouds

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Fit to Arp220 with the Efstathiou et al model (Farrah et al 2003) 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

– A young starburst? 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference Mid-IR spectroscopy of AGN 8-13  m spectrophotometry from the ground by Roche and collaborators Type 2 AGN showed moderate silicate absorption features Type 1 AGN featureless Discovery of silicate emission features in the Spitzer spectra of quasars by Siebenmorgen et al and Hao et al.

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference Average spectra of Hao et al

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference Tapered disc of Efstathiou & Rowan- Robinson (1995)

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference Tapered disc model of NGC1068 (Galliano et al 2003)

Grid of tapered disc models Computed a grid of 36 tapered disc models Vary outer to inner disc radius in the range 20 to 100 Vary equatorial 1000A optical depth in the range 750 to 1250 Vary torus opening angle in the range degrees Compute spectra for 74 inclinations 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Distribution of silicate strength of tapered disc models (blue) – AGN of Spoon et al shown in red 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

As previous slide but including all galaxies of Spoon et al with EW < th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Distribution of silicate strength of all tapered disc models + NLR dust with a covering factor of 5% 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Fit to the Hao et al Seyfert 2 average with a tapered disc and NLR dust 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Phoenix A new code that calculates the ultraviolet to mm emission of galaxies Incorporates the stellar population synthesis model of Bruzual & Charlot Incorporates the starburst model of Efstathiou, Rowan-Robinson & Siebenmorgen Treats multiple scattering from grains 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Results from Phoenix 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Fit to the SED of a spiral galaxy 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Model of Efstathiou (2006) The model assumes four components A torus viewed edge-on Dust at a temperature of 600K and a covering factor of 2% Dust at a temperature of 200K and a covering factor of 15% A highly obscured starburst 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

New model of F10214 that fits Herschel data The model assumes an additional component of NLR dust at a temperature of 80K The covering factor of NLR dust is very high. It is very likely that we have stronger gravitational lensing of the NLR than the torus 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference

Conclusions We have a fairly good understanding of the infrared emission of starburst galaxies and AGN IRAS F is very special. Its unique spectrum is probably due to the gravitational lensing of the emission of NLR clouds. 5-9th September 2011 SED2011 conference