INFRARED STUDY OF LOW CONCENTRATION AQUEOUS IONIC SALT SOLUTIONS: PURE AND MIX SALTS JEAN-JOSEPH MAX – ITF Labs, Montréal CAMILLE CHAPADOS – UQTR, Trois-Rivières.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Dissolving an Ionic Electrolyte
Advertisements

Section 17.3 Homogeneous Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 Solutions and Chemical Reactions
Saturated A saturated solution is one that has dissolved in it all the solute that it can normally hold at that temperature If it has less than the max.
General Properties of Aqueous Solution and Precipitation Reactions
Concentration Amount of solute per solvent Different measurements exist of this “dilute” vs. “concentrated”
Ionic Bonding – the Born Haber Cycle Insight into the stability of ionic compounds can be obtained if we imagine breaking a reaction forming a binary ionic.
Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals. How can we recognize if an element is a metal? It’s opaque and its smooth surfaces reflect light.
The Alkali Metals (Group 1 Except Hydrogen)
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry.
II III I I. The Nature of Solutions Solutions. A. Definitions  Solution -  Solution - homogeneous mixture Solvent Solvent - present in greater amount.
Chapter 12 Solutions Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Water 9.2 Solutions 9.3 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes.
1 Solutions Chapter Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures Solute is the dissolved substance –Seems to “disappear” or “Takes on the state”
Electrolytes, Precipitation Reactions, and Aqueous Reaction.
Solutions.
Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4.
Copyright©2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation FIFTH EDITION by Steven S. Zumdahl University of.
Why does acetone dissolve Styrofoam? 1/ both are nonpolar: “Like (nonpolar) dissolves like (nonpolar)”. 2/ Styrofoam is mostly air. acetone.
II III I Hydrogen Bonding and The Nature of Solutions Ch. 13 & 14 - Solutions 1.
II III I C. Johannesson I. The Nature of Solutions (p , ) Ch. 13 & 14 - Solutions.
II III I I. The Nature of Solutions Ch Solutions.
I. The Nature of Solutions Solutions. A. Definitions  Solution - homogeneous mixture Solvent - present in greater amount Solute - substance being dissolved.
Chemistry 101 : Chap. 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (1) General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (2) Precipitation Reactions (3) Acid-Base.
Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogenous mixture mixed molecule by molecule. Solution - a homogenous mixture mixed molecule by molecule. Solvent - the.
Chemical Reactions: Aqueous Solutions Mr. Bennett November, 2009 Adapted from J. Speck (2008) and A. Allen, 2008.
ACID AND BASES. ACIDS Acids are sour in taste Acids are sour in taste Present in fruit, vegetables and human body as well as obtained from the earth.
And Neutralization. Acidic or basic is a chemical property Mixing them can cancel out their effects or neutralize them But 1st-water ionizes Water molecules.
Leave space between each step to add more information. 1.Write a balance chemical equation between the acid and the base. Remember it’s a double replacement.
1 Chapter 4 Aqueous solutions Types of reactions.
Everything in the universe is either matter or energy
AP/IB Chemistry Chapter 4: Aqueous Solutions and Solution Stoichiometry.
Section 3.4. Acids are chemicals in which the positive ion is a hydrogen atom.  for example; HCl or H 2 SO 4  When mixed with water they produce a free.
CHAPTER 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 1.
Chapter 15: Solutions 15.1 Solubility 15.2 Solution Composition 15.3 Mass Percent 15.4 Molarity 15.7 Neutralization Reactions.
1 Chapter 12 Solutions 12.1 Solutions. 2 Solute and Solvent Solutions Are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. Consist of a solvent and one.
Solutions Solution = a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances that does not scatter light Solvent = substance with same physical state as solution.
Level 10 Science. Instructions for Note Taking -Take Cornell notes on this powerpoint - Notes must be in own words with individual commentary - Include.
Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 BLB 12 th.
Chapter 11a : Solutions and Their Properties. Introduction 1. A mixture is any intimate combination of two or more pure substances 2. Can be classified.
Electrical Conductivity
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 Chemistry FIFTH EDITION by Steven S. Zumdahl University of Illinois.
Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I.Electrolytes vs. NonElectrolytes II.Precipitation Reaction a)Solubility Rules.
1 Solutions One substance dissolved in another substance.
Christian Madu, Ph.D. Collin College Lecture Presentation Chapter 4-2 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions.
Chapter 11 Solutions Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
S O L U T I O N S SOLUTION: HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE OF 2 OR MORE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES SOLUBILITY: MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SOLUTE THAT CAN BE DISSOLVED AT A GIVEN.
SALTS When you hear the word salt, what do you think of?
Unit 2: Solutions Chemistry Properties of Solutions Review Solutions.
Acids and Bases in Solution. Acids  An acid is any substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in water.  Hydrogen ions cause the properties of acids.
Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
What are Solutions? Section 15.1 Objectives:. Review 1.What are intermolecular forces? 2.Name 3 types of intermolecular forces. 3.What is the strongest.
I. The Nature of Solutions
1 Solutions One substance dissolved in another substance.
Chapter 8 Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility. I. Substances A. Atoms and Elements A substance is matter that has the same fixed composition and properties;
Solutions, Electrolytes, and Precipitation Reactions.
Definition of Acids Traditional (Arrhenius)- a chemical compound that contains hydrogen and ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions Examples:
Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Chapter 12 Solutions Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Solutions and Solubility Chapters 15 and 16. Solution Homogeneous Mixture Uniform Throughout.
Unit 1: Solutions Chapter 4.1, 12 Chemistry 12 AP.
February 3, 2016 Student Planner Place this in the proper place Due Friday: Notebook, Super Hero essay & drawing.
Strength of Acids and Bases
ACID-BASE NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS: A special type of double-replacement reaction. An acid reacts with a base and neutralizes it. The equation will always.
CHEMISTRY 161 Chapter 4. CHEMICAL REACTIONS 2 HgO (s) → 2Hg (l) + O 2(g) aq 1. properties of solutions 2. reactions in solutions a) precipitation reactions.
Solutions! Aqueous, dissolved, soluble, dissociated, homogeneous, etc…
Solutions, Solubility Rules, and Molarity. Solutions Solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. Aqueous solution –
Solutions, Solubility Rules, and Molarity
IR SPECTROSCOPY of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE HYDRATES in AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
It’s time to talk about Bonds…
Introduction to Compounds
Presentation transcript:

INFRARED STUDY OF LOW CONCENTRATION AQUEOUS IONIC SALT SOLUTIONS: PURE AND MIX SALTS JEAN-JOSEPH MAX – ITF Labs, Montréal CAMILLE CHAPADOS – UQTR, Trois-Rivières Canada

2 Introduction IR study of 10 salts: Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg with Cl, Br, I Aqueous solution are made of 2 species Pure water and pure salt solvated water Ions are close bond in pairs (Na + Cl – ) Solvated with a fixed number of water molecules from saturation to ~0.2 M Is the situation the same at lower concentrations?

3 Factor Analysis (1) (2) simple use of scalar products of spectra no special algorithm factor orthogonalization is needed

4 Experiment FTIR ATR (3.3 internal reflections, ZnSe) 500 scans successive addition of mother solution volumes to the measured mixture circulating liquid in the IR cell ( not moved)

5 IR spectra of NaI from 0 to 1 M

6 FA residues with 2 principal factors

7 Spectra of orthogonalized factors

8 IR retrieved vs. [NaI] and hydration number

9 Conclusion on the pure salts NaI hydration is stable from saturation (8 M) down to 2 mM NaCl, BaCl 2 and CaCl 2 gave similar results Down to a few mM, ions are solvated in pairs with a fixed number of water molecules to form a neutral species Down to a few mM these water molecules are strongly perturbed by ion pairs

10 IR spectra of NaI-CsCl mixtures

11 Successive difference spectra

12 3 principal factor spectra and their MFs

13 FA residues with 3 principal factors

14 Salts chemical reaction in water Use of NaI, CsCl solvated waters, and pure water produces abstract spectra (showing negative bands) In water NaI and CsCl react to form solvated NaCl + CsI

15 Spectra of orthogonalized factors

16 IR retrieved concentrations

17 Conclusions In water, ions stay in neutral pairs down to a few mM. A fixed number of water molecules are strongly perturbed in the vicinity of the ion pairs. The dielectric medium (water) varies in the ion vicinities. Ion pairs are solvated in neutral clusters stabilized by the highest number of water molecules. Ions pairs in water reorganize following this rule. These results were obtained using a simple experimental setup but with rigorous data treatment. These are important findings on electrolyte solutions.

18 Acknowledgements NSERC (National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada) UQTR (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières) ITF Lab, Montréal, QC, Canada