German Unification Bismarck.

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Presentation transcript:

German Unification Bismarck

Germany in 1815 Germany was the last European country to unify After the Congress of Vienna, 39 independent German states

TWO MODELS FOR UNIFICATION BIG GERMANY (GROSSDEUTSCHLAND) Small Germany (Kleindeutschland) INCLUDES Austria EXCLUDES Austria

WHO WILL DOMINATE? PRUSSIA Austria

It fundamentally altered the Balance of Power in Europe.

Prussia Prussia wanted to unify these 39 states into a new nation, Germany Otto von Bismarck was the Prime Minister of Prussia who used Real Politic— pursue goals by any means necessary (go to war, lie, break treaties)

BLOOD & IRON "The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power... Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided “but by iron and blood.” -- Otto von Bismarck (1862)

Administered by Prussia Schleswig Administered by Prussia HOLSTEIN Administered by Austria

Austro-Prussian War 1866 Georg Bleibtreu, Battle of Königgrätz (

The United Germany Franco-Prussian war in 1870 Battlefield of Sedan on 2nd September 1870 Prussian victory On 18th January 1871 in the Mirror Hall of Versailles Wilhelm I becomes Kaiser (emperor); United Germany was born Bismarck becomes Chancellor (Prime Minister) Each state has a local ruler, army, & handles its own domestic affairs Kaiser heads national government

5,000,000,000 ₣ reparation Alsace-Lorraine included many French speakers, and many German speakers there resented annexation into the Empire. Map Credit: David Liuzzo