The Unification of Italy and Germany 1850s-1870s.

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Presentation transcript:

The Unification of Italy and Germany 1850s-1870s

Nationalism What is nationalism? The belief that the greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

Types of Nationalism Nationalism that unifies culturally similar lands and people Nationalism that separates culturally different lands and people

The Unification of Italy Italian Unification Italy forms from crumbling empires Italians want independence from foreign rulers Cavour Leads Northern Italian Unification Camillo di Cavour - Prime Minister of Kingdom of Sardinia (1852) Gets French help to win control of Austrian-controlled Italian land

The Unification of Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi Brings Unity Leads nationalists who conquer southern Italy Known as the “Red Shirts” for their attire during battle Cavour convinces Garibaldi to unite southern Italy and Sardinia Garibaldi steps aside, allowing King of Sardinia to rule 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy

The Unification of Germany Beginning in 1815: German Confederation Divided into 39 German states Austria controlled the Confederation Prussia lead the unification movement Prussian Advantage Very powerful army

The Unification of Germany Prussia’s Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck (1862) Member of the “Junker” class Conservative wealthy landowners Used military force to achieve political gain

The Unification of Germany Prussia Expands Prussia & Austria fight Denmark, gain two provinces Quick victory makes other German nations respect Prussia Seven Weeks’ war Prussia defeats Austria Gains Austrian territory East and West Prussia are united

The Unification of Germany The Franco-Prussian War Prussia defeats France Wilhelm is crowned Kaiser – emperor of a united Germany Bismarck creates a Germany united under Prussian dominance

THE END