Chapter 24 Section 3 Nationalism

Big Idea NATIONALISM WAS THE MOST POWERFUL IDEA OF THE 1800’S. IT SHAPED NEW COUNTRIES AND SPLIT UP OLD ONES. IT FED THE DESIRE OF MOST GROUPS FREE OF THE RULE OF EMPIRES AND GOVERN THEMSELVES IN THEIR TRADITIONAL LANDS

NATIONALISM SHAKES AGING EMPIRES Austrian Empire IN 1866, EMPEROR FRANCIS JOSEPH SPLIT AUSTRIA INTO TWO HALFS AND HE RULED BOTH NATIONALIST DISPUTES WEAKENED IF FOR 40 YEARS WWI AUSTRIA HUNGARY BROKE INTO SEVERAL SEPARATE NATION-STATES

Russian Empire Crumbles NATIONALIST BROKE UP 370 YEARS OF CZAR CONTROL CZAR ALSO RULED OVER UKRAINIANS, POLES, LLITHUANIANS, LATVIANS, ESTONIANS, FINNS, JEWS, ROMANIANS, GEORGIANS, ARMENIANS, TURKS & OTHERS

Russification ROMANOV DYNASTY FORCED RUSSIAN CULTURE ON ALL THE ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE EMPIRE. THIS ACTUALLY STRENGTHENED ETHNIC NATIONALIST FEELING & HELPED TO DISUNIFY RUSSIA WWI & COMMUNIST REVOLUTION TOOK STRANGLEHOLD AND LAST ROMANOV CZAR GAVE UP POWER IN 1917

Ottoman Empire Weakens TURKS RULED THE OTTOMAN EMPRIRE AND CONTROLLED GREEKS, SLAVS, ARABS, BULGARIANS, & ARMENIANS. OTTOMANS GRANTED EQUAL CITIZENSHIP TO ALL PEOPLE AFTER RECEIVING PRESSURE FROM BRITISH AND FRENCH CONSERVATIVES WERE ANGERED BY THIS AND EMPIRE SPLIT UP SHORTLY AFTER WWI

Case Study: Italy ITALIAN NATIONALISTS LOOKED FOR LEADERSHIP FROM KINGDOM OF PIEDMONT-SARDINIA

Camillo di Cavour NAMED PRIME MINISTER FRENCH EMPEROR NAPOLEON III AGREED TO HELP DRIVE AUSTRIA OUT OF NORTHERN ITALY IN 1858, FRENCH & SARDINIAN ARMY WON TWO QUICK VICTORIES AND TAKING NORTHERN ITALY, EXCEPT VENETIA.

Giuseppe Garibaldi IN 1860, LED SMALL ITALIAN NATIONALIST IN SOUTH AND CAPTURED SICILY. KNOWN AS RED SHIRTS CAUSE HE ALWAYS WORE A BRIGHT RED SHIRT ALONG WITH HIS FOLLOWERS. UNITED SOUTHERN AREAS WITH KINGDOM OF PIEDMONT-SARDINIA & WAS RULED BY KING VICTOR EMMANUEL II

IN 1866 AUSTRIAN PROVINCE OF VENETIA, WHICH INCLUDED CITY OF VENICE BECAME PART OF ITALY 1870, TOOK LAST PART OF TERRITORY KNOWN AS THE PAPAL STATES. CITY OF ROME CAME UNDER ITALIAN CONTROL AND EVENTUALLY BECAME CAPITAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOME OF ITALY.

Case Study: Germany Prussia Leads German Unification MAINLY GERMAN POPULATION NATIONALISM UNIFIED BERLIN RIOTERS FORCED CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION TO WRITE UP A LIBERAL CONSTITUTION HELPING PAVE THE WAY OF UNIFICATION.

Wilhelm 1861 WILHELM I SUCCEEDED FREDERICK WILLIAM TO THE THRONE DID NOT RECEIVE MONEY FOR REFORM FROM LIBERAL PARLIAMENT Junkers SUPPORTED WILHELM, STRONG CONSERVATIVE MEMBERS OF PRUSSIA’S WEALTHY LANDOWNING CLASS.

Otto von Bismark CHOSEN AS WILHELM’S PRIME MINISTER. MASTER OF REALPOLITIK- MEANS POLITICS OF REALITY WOULD RULE WITHOUTH CONSENT FROM PARLIAMENT OR LEGAL BUDGET. VIOLATED CONSTITUTION PARLIAMENT & CONSTITUTION WOULD GROW WEAKER WHILE KING & PRIME MINISTER WOULD GROW STRONGER

Prussia Expands 1864, PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA FORM ALLIANCE AND DEFECAT DENMARK AND GAIN NEIGHBORING PROVINCES Seven weeks War CONFLICT WITH AUSTRIA & PRUSSIA OVER TERRITORY. PRUSSIA DESTROYS AUSTRIA GAINING MORE POWER & TERRITORTY

Franco-Prussian War FINAL STAGE IN GERMAN UNIFICATION & ACCEPTED PRUSSIAN LEADERSHIP. Kaiser (Emporer) KING WILHELM I OF PRUSSIA IS CROWNED IN 1871 IN VERSAILLES, FRANCE.

Shift in Power IN 1815- FIVE GREAT POWERS IN EUROPE- BRITAIN, FRANCE, AUSTRIA, PRUSSIA & RUSSIA IN 1871- BRITAIN & GERMANY (PRUSSIA) CLEARLY MOST POWERFUL MILITRILY & ECONOMICALLY AUSTRIA & RUSSIA WERE FAR BEHIND FRANCE STRUGGLED SOMEWHERE IN THE MIDDLE